Canadian National Parks
From Halal Explorer
[[file:WV banner National Parks in Canada.jpg|1280px]]
National Parks in Canada are managed by Parks Canada.
Contents
National Parks
There are 38 federally-operated National Parks, nine National Park Reserves, three National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs), one NMCA Reserve and one National Landmark. A shaded background indicates the park is part of a UNESCO World Heritage List site. National Park Reserves, areas subject to native land claims, are indicated by "(Reserve)".
National Historic Sites
Parks Canada also operates some (but not all) of Canada's National Historic Sites. A few are located within national parks, such as Banff or Jasper. Others among the more than 170 sites operated by Parks Canada include:
- Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site AAAAAA|zoom=6 — Baddeck, Nova Scotia
- L'Anse aux Meadows - |zoom=6 — abandoned Viking settlement on Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula
- Bar U Ranch|zoom=6 — Longview, Alberta
- Batoche - |zoom=6 — former village and Louis Riel battle site near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
- Bellevue House - |zoom=6 — Kingston, Ontario
- Cape Spear - |zoom=6 — easternmost point in Canada, near St. John's, Newfoundland - site of Cape Spear Lighthouse National Historic Site
- Chilkoot Trail|zoom=6 — Chilkoot, British Columbia
- Dredge No. 4 GPS 63.9436,-139.3356|zoom=6 — Bonanza Creek, near Dawson City, Yukon
- Dawson Historical Complex GPS 64.063217,-139.430289|zoom=6 and
- SS Keno|zoom=6 — Dawson City, Yukon
- Forges du Saint-Maurice|zoom=6 — Trois-Rivières, Quebec
- Fort Anne|zoom=6 and Scots Fort, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia
- Fort Battleford|zoom=6 — Battleford, Saskatchewan
- Fort Beauséjour - |zoom=6 — Aulac, New Brunswick
- Fort George - |zoom=6 and {{marker|type=vicinity* Fort Mississauga|zoom=6 — Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario
- Fort Langley National Historic Site|zoom=6 — Langley (British Columbia) | Langley, British Columbia
- Fortress of Louisbourg - |zoom=6 — Nova Scotia
- Fortifications of Québec|zoom=6 — Quebec City, Quebec
- Fort Wellington|zoom=6 and Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
A Discovery Pass includes admission to national historic sites operated by Parks Canada, such as the Banff Park Museum, Cave and Basin National Historic Site, Cafe U Ranch, Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site and Fort Langley National Historic Site. Parks Canada does not operate all of Canada's national historic sites. To add confusion, Québec uses "parc national" for both federal and provincial (SÉPAQ) parks, which are two separate systems with non-interchangeable system passes. Due to its international, divided status the Thousand Islands has both a Canadian national park and an American state park, part of separate systems.
Reservations
Campgrounds may be reserved in advance. eserve.aspx Reservations open in January for the next April 1-March 31 period. Reservations are available from www.reservation.parkscanada.gc.ca or +1-877-RESERVE (+1-877-737-3783, 8AM Monday - 6PM local time); Parks Canada general information is provided at +1-888-773-8888.
Local Customs in Canadian National Parks
In short: Leave-no-trace camping is always advised in National Parks. Disturbing wildlife is illegal in a national park. Leave rocks, plants, bones and antlers as you found them. A few parks contain archaeological sites or are in ecologically-sensitive locations such as the high Arctic. You may need to pack out any rubbish with you when you leave; if there are no toilets|latrines in a sensitive location, excrement should be packed out or buried. Anything left behind in the far north may take a very long time to decay, if it's biodegradable at all. Some parts of the parks are restricted to protect wildlife; for instance, if a beachfront nesting habitat for endangered birds is not accessible to the public, it is left undisturbed with no roads into the protected segments. Many parks are in remote or forested locations with crucially no local firefighting capability. A cook stove is preferable to an open camp fire, due to risk of wildfires. Keep any fires small enough to burn to ash before you leave. Never build a fire on moss or Arctic tundra where it can spread underground. Do not leave markers, messages or other manmade indicators behind; leave the parkland in its natural, untouched state for the next voyager. In some wilderness locations without marked permanent camp sites, leave-no-trace camping is advised. A few parks in remote far northern locations like Ellesmere Island or the Torngat Mountains National Park|Torngat Mountains require visitors register on entry and notify the park office on departure. Failure to deregister (or leave a message indicating your party successfully completed its trip) risks the launch of a expensive and awkward search if authorities mistakenly believe you are still stranded in the park.
Stay Safe
Help is not always close at hand. Parks Canada sites vary from beaten-path (such as the Rideau Canal in Ottawa or the literary travel|Anne of Green Gables site in Prince Edward Island National Park) to almost next-to-imfeasible destinations (such as Nunavut and the high Arctic). In some places, a satellite phone may be the only communication in an emergency and GPS the only waypoint or location marker. A national 24-hour emergency dispatcher may be reached in Jasper, Alberta at +1 780-852-3100 (freephone: +1-877-852-3100) if attempts to contact a local park office fail, but it may take days for help to arrive in adverse conditions in a truly remote location accessible only by aircraft. As adverse weather may delay your departure from a remote location; it's best to carry a few extra days worth of provisions. If heading far from the beaten path, leave an itinerary with intended route locations, activities and date of expected return, names of all visitors and guides in the group (with emergency contact info for each) and description of major identifiable equipment (like tents or cruising on small craft|watercraft). Dangerous animals are a hazard; you are on their turf, so be bear aware. Foodstuffs may need to be packaged in bear-resistant containers. Significant restrictions dictate who may carry firearms in national parks. By necessity, Parks Canada allows specially-licensed guides, natives or researchers to carry firearms for protection from polar bears in nine of the parks: Ivvavik and Vuntut (northern Yukon), Aulavik and Tuktut Nogait (Northwest Territories), Quttinirpaaq (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut), Sirmilik and Auyuittuq (Baffin Island, Nunavut), Torngat Mountains National Park (Labrador) and Wapusk National Park (north of Churchill, Manitoba). The bears are a protected animal ethics|species at risk but, if warning shots, flares, air horns or pepper spray fail to scare bears away from humans and the armed native bear guards are empowered to use lethal force to protect human life.
| Name | Photo | Location | Area | Established |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aulavik - |zoom=6}} | Northwest Territories | 12200 km2 | 1992 | |
| Auyuittuq - |zoom=6}} | Pangnirtung Fiord South 2 2001-07-15 - Pangnirtung Fiord South 2 2001-07-15.jpg | Nunavut | 19089 km2 | 2001 |
| Banff National Park|Banff - |zoom=6}} | Moraine Lake 17092005 - 300px | Alberta | 6641 km2 | 1885 |
| Bruce Peninsula - |zoom=6}} | CyprusLake - Bruce Peninsula - 300px | Ontario | 154 km2 | 1987 |
| Cape Breton Highlands - |zoom=6}} | NS CapeBretonHighlands1 tango7174 - 300px | Nova Scotia | 949 km2 | 1936 |
| Elk Island - |zoom=6}} | Bison Elk Island - 300px | Alberta | 194 km2 | 1913 |
| Forillon - |zoom=6}} | Forillon National Park of Canada 1 - Forillon National Park of Canada 1.jpg | Quebec | 244 km2 | 1970 |
| Fundy - |zoom=6}} | Fundy NP New Brunswick 1 - 300px | New Brunswick | 206 km2 | 1948 |
| Georgian Bay Islands - |zoom=6}} | BeausoleilIslandCedarSprings2004 - 300px | Ontario | 14 km2 | 1929 |
| Glacier National Park (British Columbia) | Glacier - |zoom=6}} | Glacier np canada - Glacier np canada.JPG | British Columbia | 1349 km2 | 1886 |
| Grasslands - |zoom=6}} | Saskatchewan - Grasslands National Park 02 - 300px | Saskatchewan | 907 km2 | 1981 |
| Gros Morne - |zoom=6}} | NLW GrosMorne4 tango7174 - NLW GrosMorne4 tango7174.jpg | Newfoundland and Labrador | 1805 km2 | 1973 |
| Gulf Islands - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
Gulfislfromair - Gulfislfromair.jpg | British Columbia | 36 km2 | 2003 |
| Gwaii Haanas - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
Haida_villagesite - 300px | British Columbia | 1495 km2 | 1988 |
| Ivvavik - |zoom=6}} |
View up Firth River in mountain reach, Ivvavik National Park, YT - View up Firth River in mountain reach |
Yukon | 10168 km2 | 1984 |
| Jasper National Park|Jasper - |zoom=6}} | Fryatt Valley top - 300px | Alberta | 10878 km2 | 1907 |
| Kejimkujik - |zoom=6}} | Kejimkujik NP Nova Scotia 3 - 300px | Nova Scotia | 404 km2 | 1968 |
| Kluane - |zoom=6}} (two units: a Park and a Reserve) |
Kings_throne_view - 300px | Yukon | 22013 km2 | 1976 (Reserve) 1993 (Park) |
| Kootenay - |zoom=6}} | Kootenay National Park - 300px | British Columbia | 1406 km2 | 1920 |
| Kouchibouguac - |zoom=6}} | Kouchibouguac - 300px | New Brunswick | 239 km2 | 1969 |
| La Mauricie - |zoom=6}} | Ile aux pins - 300px | Quebec | 536 km2 | 1970 |
| Mealy Mountains|zoom=6}} | Mealy Mountains Labrador 1 - 300px | Newfoundland and Labrador | 10700 km2 | 2015 |
| Mingan Archipelago - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
Monolithes de L'Archipel de Mingan - 300px | Quebec | 151 km2 | 1984 |
| Mount Revelstoke National Park|Mount Revelstoke - |zoom=6}} | File:Mount_Revelstoke_National_Park_1 - 300px | British Columbia | 260 km2 | 1914 |
| Naats'ihch'oh - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
Howard's Pass Yukon Territory 1 - 300px | Northwest Territories | 4850 km2 | 2014 |
| Nahanni - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
Nahanni - VirginiaFalls - 300px | Northwest Territories | 30000 km2 | 1976 |
| Pacific Rim - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
Longbeach prnp - Longbeach prnp.jpg | British Columbia | 511 km2 | 1970 |
| Point Pelee - |zoom=6}} | Boardwalk_in_Pelee - 300px | Ontario | 15 km2 | 1918 |
| Prince Albert National Park|Prince Albert - |zoom=6}} | Prince Albert National Park - 300px | Saskatchewan | 3874 km2 | 1927 |
| Prince Edward Island National Park|Prince Edward Island - |zoom=6}} | Lake_of_Shining_Waters_-_Prince_Edward_Island_National_Park_(22492133101) - Lake_of_Shining_Waters_-_Prince_Edward_Island_National_Park_(22492133101).jpg | Prince Edward Island | 22 km2 | 1937 |
| Pukaskwa - |zoom=6}} | HorseshoeBayPukaskwaPark23 - 300px | Ontario | 1878 km2 | 1978 |
| Qausuittuq|zoom=6}} | Peary caribou - looking west towards Evan's Bay - 300px | Nunavut | 11000 km2 | 2015 |
| Quttinirpaaq - |zoom=6}} | Tanquary Fiord 16 1997-08-05 - 300px | Nunavut | 37775 km2 | 2001 |
| Riding Mountain National Park|Riding Mountain - |zoom=6}} | Bison herd - Lake Audy - Riding Mountain National Park - Bison herd - Lake Audy - Riding Mountain National Park.JPG | Manitoba | 2973 km2 | 1933 |
| Rouge - |zoom=6}} | Little Rouge River Lookout - Little Rouge River Lookout.jpg | Ontario | 19 km2 | 2015 |
| zoom=6}} | SableHorses - 300px | Nova Scotia | 34 km2 | 2013 |
| Sirmilik - |zoom=6}} | Sirmilik Glacier 2 1997-08-06 - Sirmilik Glacier 2 1997-08-06.jpg | Nunavut | 22200 km2 | 2001 |
| Terra Nova|zoom=6}} | NLC TerraNova3 tango7174 - 300px | Newfoundland and Labrador | 400 km2 | 1957 |
| Thaidene Nene - |zoom=6}} (Reserve) |
UtsingiPoint-GreatSlaveLake - 300px | Northwest Territories | Approx. 14000 km2 | proposed |
| zoom=6}} | Thousand Islands 2 - 300px | Ontario | 24 km2 | 1904 |
| Torngat Mountains - |zoom=6}} | Nachvak Fjord Labrador 2008 - 300px | Newfoundland and Labrador | 9700 km2 | 2008 |
| Tuktut Nogait - |zoom=6}} | Evening_shadows_on_tundra - 300px | Northwest Territories | 16340 km2 | 1996 |
| Ukkusiksalik - |zoom=6}} | Ukkusiksalik_NP_1 - 300px | Nunavut | 20885 km2 | 2003 |
| Vuntut - |zoom=6}} | Vontut National Park - 300px | Yukon | 4345 km2 | 1995 |
| Wapusk - |zoom=6}} | Bärenmutter & Junges 3 2004-11-17 - Bärenmutter & Junges 3 2004-11-17.jpg | Manitoba | 11475 km2 | 1996 |
| Waterton Lakes National Park|Waterton Lakes - |zoom=6}} | Upper Waterton Lake - 300px | Alberta | 505 km2 | 1895 |
| Wood Buffalo - |zoom=6}} | Wood-Buffalo-NP Gros Beak Lake 2 98-07-02 - 300px | Alberta Northwest Territories |
44807 km2 | 1922 |
| Yoho - |zoom=6}} | YohoNP-Takakkaw IMG 1372-800x533byBMK - 300px | British Columbia | 1313 km2 | 1886 |