Korean Air

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This This eHalal Travel Guide is about South Korea's flag carrier airline. For North Korea's flag carrier airline, see Air Koryo

{{COI|date=February 2019 Template:Short description Template:Use mdy dates {{cautionbox airline | airline = Korean Air
Template:Nobold; {{years ago|1962 years ago | commenced = | headquarters = Gonghang-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu, Seoul, South Korea

| key_people =

  • Cho Won-tae (President (corporate title) | President & CEO)
  • Cho Choong-hoon (Founder)

| subsidiaries = Jin Air | revenue = {{Increase US$ 13.24 billion (2023)[1] | operating_income = {{Increase US$ (25) million (2023)[1] | net_income = {{Increase US$ (233) million (2023)[1] | assets = {{Increase US$ 17.6 billion (2023)[1] | equity = {{Increase US$ 21.6 billion (2023)[1] | website = koreanair.com }}

{{cautionbox Korean name|tablewidth=260 Korean name | hangul=Template:Linktext | hanja =Template:Linktext | rr=Daehan Hanggong | mr=Taehan Hanggong ]] Korean Air Lines Co., Ltd. ({{ko-hhrm|hangul=대한항공|rr=Daehan Hanggong), operating as

Korean Air, is the largest airline and flag carrier of South Korea based on fleet size, international destinations and international flights. The airline's global headquarters are located in Seoul, South Korea. Korean-Air was founded as Korean National Airlines in 1946. After several years of service and expansion and the airline was fully privatized in 1969.

Korean Air's international passenger division and related subsidiary cargo division together serve 127 cities in 44 countries, while its domestic division serves 12 destinations. It is among the top 20 airlines in the world in terms of passengers carried and is also the top-ranked international cargo airline. Incheon International Airport serves as Korean Air's international hub. Korean-Air also maintains a satellite headquarters campus at Incheon. The majority of Korean Air's pilots, ground staff, and flight attendants are based in Seoul.

Korean Air is the parent company of Jin Air and is a founding member of the SkyTeam airline alliance. It was voted Asia's best airline by Business Traveler readers in 2012.[2]

Historical Facts about Korean Air

Douglas DC-4-1009 Korean National Airlines HL-108 - A Korean National Airlines Douglas DC-4 at Oakland in 1953 Korean Airlines Introduction of Boeing 747 for Pacific Route 1973 - KAL introduction of the Boeing 747 for its international Pacific routes in 1973.

Founding

Korean Air was founded by the South Korea|South Korean government in 1962 as Korean Air Lines to replace Korean National Airlines, which was founded in 1946. On March 1, 1969 and the Hanjin Transport Group took control of the airline. Long-haul freight operations were introduced on April 26, 1971, followed by passenger services to Los Angeles International Airport on April 19, 1972.[3]

International Flights to Hong Kong, Taiwan and Los Angeles were flown with Boeing 707s until the introduction of the Boeing 747 in 1973. In 1973 and the airline introduced Boeing 747s on its Pacific routes and started a European service to Paris, France using the 707 and then McDonnell Douglas DC-10. In 1975 and the airline became one of the earliest Asian airlines to operate Airbus aircraft with the purchase of three Airbus A300s, which were put into immediate service on Asian routes.[4] Since South Korean aircraft were prohibited from flying in the airspace of North Korea and the Soviet Union at the time and the European routes had to be designed eastbound from South Korea, such as Gimpo International Airport|Gimpo -Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport|Anchorage -Orly Airport|Paris.

Change to 'Korean Air'

A blue-top, silver and redesigned livery with a new corporate "Korean Air" logo featuring a stylized Taegeuk design was introduced on March 1, 1984, and the airline's name changed to Korean Air from Korean-Air Lines. This livery was introduced on its Fokker F28 Fellowships and Boeing 747-300s. It was designed in cooperation between Korean-Air and Boeing. In the 1990s, Korean-Air became the first airline to use the new McDonnell Douglas MD-11 to supplement its new fleet of Boeing 747-400 aircraft; however and the MD-11 did not meet the airline's performance requirements and they were eventually converted to freighters. Some older 747 aircraft were also converted for freight service.

Korean Air Boeing 747SP at Basle - January 1985 - Korean-Air Lines Boeing 747SP at EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg in 1985. Korean Air takes delivery of its first A380 at Toulouse Blagnac International Airport - Korean-Air takes delivery of its first Airbus A380 at Toulouse–Blagnac Airport, France, May 25, 2011.

Further expansion and founding of Jin Air

In the 1980s, Korean Air's head office was in the KAL Building on Namdaemunno, Jung-gu, Seoul|Jung-gu, Seoul.[5]

On June 5, 2007, Korean-Air said that it would create a new low-cost carrier called Jin Air in Korea to compete with Korea's KTX high-speed railway network system, which offered cheaper fares and less stringent security procedures compared to air travel. Jin Air started its scheduled passenger service from Seoul to Jeju on July 17, 2008. Korean-Air announced that some of its 737s and A300s would be given to Jin Air.

By 2009, Korean Air's image had become more prestigious, differing from the airline's late-1990s image, which had been tarnished by several fatal accidents.[6]

In mid-2010, a co-marketing deal with games company Blizzard Entertainment sent a 747-400 and a 737-900 taking to the skies wrapped in StarCraft II branding. In August 2010, Korean-Air announced heavy second-quarter losses despite record high revenue.[7] In August 2010, Hanjin Group and the parent of Korean, opened a new cargo terminal at Navoiy Airport|Navoi in Uzbekistan, which will become a cargo hub with regular Incheon-Navoi-Milan flights.[8]

Korean Air owns five hotels: two KAL hotels on Jeju island and the Hyatt in Incheon; Waikiki Resort in Hawaii, and a hotel/office building called the Wilshire Grand Tower which is being redeveloped. This building in downtown Los Angeles will house the largest InterContinental Hotel in the Americas in what will be the tallest building in Los Angeles.[9]

In 2013, Korean-Air acquired a 44% stake in Czech Airlines.[10] It sold the stake in October 2017.

Corporate affairs and identity

Korean Air Headquarters in Seoul - One of the airline's offices and the KAL Building in Seoul

Korean Air's headquarters and the Korean-Air Operations Center (대한항공 빌딩[11]) and is located in Gonghang-dong, Gangseo-gu, Seoul|Gangseo-gu in Seoul. Korean-Air also has offices at Gimpo International Airport in Seoul. Korean Air's other hubs are at Jeju International Airport, Jeju City|Jeju and Gimhae International Airport, Busan.[3] The maintenance facilities are located in Gimhae International Airport.

The airline had roughly 20,540 employees as of December 2014.[12]

Destinations

Main article: [[List of Korean-Air destinations]]

Korean Air serves 123 international destinations in 50 countries on 5 continents, excluding codeshares. The airline's international hub is Incheon International Airport. The airline also flies 13 domestic destinations within South Korea. KAL operates between Incheon and 22 cities in mainland China, and along with Asiana Airlines, it is one of the two largest foreign airlines to operate into the People's Republic of China.[13]

Codeshare agreements

Korean Air has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[14][15]

{{div col|colwidth=18em

{{colend

Interline agreements

Korean Air has Interlining|interline agreements with the following airlines: {{div col|colwidth=18em

Template:Colend

Korean Air is also an airline partner of Skywards and the frequent-flyer program for Emirates (airline) | Emirates. Skywards members can earn miles for flying Korean-Air and can redeem miles for free flights.

Fleet

Current fleet

{{As of|2019|6 and the Korean-Air fleet consists of the following aircraft:[22][23][24][25]


Korean-Air Fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
F C Y+ Y Total
Airbus A220|Airbus A220-300 10 — — — 25 102 127 Order with 10 options and 10 purchase rights[26]
Delivered from December 2017.[27][25]
105 130
Airbus A321neo — 30 TBA Order with 20 options.[28]
Airbus A330-200 8 — 6 24 — 188 218
Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300 21 — 6 18 — 248 272
18 252 276
Airbus A380-800 10 — 12 94 — 301 407
Boeing 737 Next Generation|Boeing 737-800 9 — — 12 — 126 138
135 147
Boeing 737-900 16 — — 8 — 180 188
Boeing 737-900ER 6 — — 12 — 147 159
Boeing 737 MAX 8 — 30 — 8 24 108 140 Order with 20 options.[29]
Boeing 747-400 2 — 12 45 — 308 365
Boeing 747-8I 10 — 6 48 — 314 368
Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER 14 — 8
 28
 — 212 248
8 28 225 261
Boeing 777-300 4 — 6 35 — 297 338
Boeing 777|Boeing 777-300ER 26 4 8 42 — 227 277
8 56 227 291
Boeing 787-9 10 10[30] 6 18 — 245 269 Order with 10 options.[31]
Order was converted from 787-8.[32][33]
Boeing 787-10 — 20[34] TBA
xKorean Air Cargo fleet
Boeing 747-400ERF 4 — Cargo
Boeing 747-8F 7 — Cargo
Boeing 777F 12 — Cargo
xKorean Air Business Jet fleet[35][36]
Boeing BBJ1 2 — 16–26
Bombardier Global Express XRS 2 — 13
Gulfstream G650ER 1[37] — 13
Sikorsky S-76+ 1 — 5–6
xKorean Air Air Ambulance fleet
Eurocopter EC135 5 — 5
Total 180 94

Retired fleet

Korean Air has operated the following aircraft:[38]


Fleet plans

At the Association of Asia Pacific Airlines Assembly in 2023, Korean-Air announced that it was considering a new large widebody aircraft order to replace older Airbus A330, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 777-200ER and Boeing 777-300. Types under consideration for replacement of older widebody aircraft in the fleet include the Boeing 777X and Airbus A350 XWB.[39]

On International Air Transport Association Annual General Meeting (IATA AGM) in Seoul, Chairman Walter Cho said Korean-Air widebody order will imminent and considering to extra order of Airbus A220|Airbus A220 Family including developing version, Airbus A220-500.[40]

Aircraft interiors

Airbus_A380-861,_Korean_Air_AN2067289 - Korean-Air Airbus A380|Airbus A380-800 Business Class cabin Airbus A380-861, Korean-Air AN1960985 - Korean-Air Airbus A380|Airbus A380-800 Economy Class cabin

Korean Air offers four types of first class, three types of business (Prestige) class, and two types of economy class.

Prestige Class

Prestige Class seats include "Prestige Sleeper" seats on all Boeing 777-300ERs and Airbus A380s, as well as 777-200ER aircraft that feature "Kosmo Suites" seats; "Prestige Plus" seats on most of the Boeing 777-200ER fleet, most of the Boeing 747-400 fleet, and one Boeing 777-300; and "old Prestige Class" seats. "Prestige Sleeper" seats recline to 180 degrees, while "Prestige Plus" seats recline up to 172 degrees. "Old Prestige Class" seats recline up to only 138 degrees, although these seats are being phased out except for on Boeing 737 aircraft.

Economy Class

Economy Class seats recline up to 121 degrees. A new type of seat called "New Economy Class" is being installed on all Boeing 777-300ER and Boeing 777-200ER aircraft with Kosmo Suites, all Boeing 777-300 aircraft, some Airbus A330-300 aircraft, some Airbus A330-200 aircraft and the Airbus A380 aircraft (factory-installed), and brand new Boeing 747-8i aircraft.

The "Kosmo Suites" seats and the "Prestige Sleeper" seats were first introduced in the Boeing 777-300ERs in May 2009.[41] Both seats could stretch to 180 degrees, and became more private than seats before.

The Korean-Air Airbus A380-800 aircraft also feature an inflight bar called the Celestial Cafe in partnership with Absolut Vodka, featuring a range of Absolut cocktails, along with an integrated lounge space.[42] It is located on the upper deck Business Class cabin, and is accessible only to First and Prestige class passengers.

On the lower deck of the A380 and there is a Lancôme-designed duty-free shop located in the rear of the cabin that is available to all passengers.[43]

Loyalty program

SKYPASS is the frequent-flyer program of Korean Air. "SKYPASS" also refers to the blue card which Korean-Air frequent-flyers are given. The motto of SKYPASS is "Beyond your Imagination". The program's elite levels are comparable to those of other airlines' frequent-flyer programs, requiring members to fly 30,000 miles per two-year cycle (initial entry into this level requires 50,000 miles). Qualification for the highest level is based on lifetime flight miles, requiring a client to fly 1 million miles for Million Miler, which is the highest elite status; or 500,000 miles for Morning Calm Premium, which comes second. Both membership levels are eligible for SkyTeam Elite Plus privileges. Membership in these levels are granted for life.

Aerospace research and manufacturing

Korean Air is also involved in aerospace research and manufacturing. The division, known as the Korean-Air Aerospace Division (KAL-ASD), has manufactured licensed versions of the MD Helicopters MD 500 and Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, as well as the Northrop F-5|Northrop F-5E/F Tiger II fighter aircraft,[44] the aft fuselage and wings for the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon|KF-16 fighter aircraft manufactured by Korean Aerospace Industries and parts for various commercial aircraft including the Boeing 737, Boeing 747, Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner; and the Airbus A330 and Airbus A380.[45] In 1991 the division designed and flew the Korean-Air Chang-Gong 91 light aircraft. KAA also provides aircraft maintenance support for the United States Department of Defense in Asia and maintains a research division with focuses on launch vehicles, satellites, commercial aircraft, military aircraft, helicopters and simulation systems.[46]

In October 2012, a development deal between Bombardier Aerospace and a government-led South Korean consortium was announced, aiming to develop a 90-seat turboprop regional airliner, targeting a 2019 launch date. The consortium would include Korea Aerospace Industries and Korean-Air Lines.[47]

Incidents and accidents

Main article: Korean Air incidents and accidents

Korean Air has a poor safety record and was once as one of the world's most dangerous airlines.[48][49] Between 1970 and 1999, many fatal incidents occurred, during which time 16 aircraft were written off in serious incidents and accidents with the loss of 700 lives. Two Korean-Air aircraft were shot down by the Soviet Union, one operating as Korean-Air Lines Flight 902 and the other as Korean-Air Lines Flight 007. Korean Air's deadliest incident was Flight 007 which was shot down by the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. All 269 people on board were killed, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, Larry McDonald. The last fatal passenger accident was the Korean-Air Flight 801 crash in 1997, which killed 228 people. The last crew fatalities were in the crash of Korean-Air Cargo Flight 8509 in December 1999.[50]

Criticism

Chaebol and nepotism

Korean Air has been cited as one of the examples of the South Korean "[[chaebol" system, wherein corporate conglomerates, established with government support, overreach diverse branches of industry. For much of the time between the foundation of Korean-Air as Korean National Airlines in 1946 and the foundation of Asiana Airlines in 1988, Korean-Air was the only airline operating in South Korea. The process of privatization of Korean National Airlines in 1969 was supported by Park Chung-hee and the South Korean military general-president who seized power of the nation through a military coup d'état; and the monopoly of the airline was secured for two decades. After widening the Jaebeol branches and the subsidiary corporations of Korean-Air include marine and overland transportation businesses, hotels and real estate among others; and the previous branches included heavy industry, passenger transportation, construction and a stockbroking business. The nature of the South Korean chaebeol system involves nepotism. A series of incidents involving Korean-Air in 2000s have "revealed an ugly side of the culture within chaebeols, South Korean’s giant family-run conglomerates".[51]

Nut-rage incident

Main article: Nut rage incident

Cho Hyun-Ah, commonly called "Heather Cho", is the daughter of then-chairman Cho Yang-ho. She resigned from some of her duties in late 2014 after she ordered a Korean-Air jet to return to the gate to allow a flight attendant to be removed from the aircraft. The attendant had served Cho nuts in a bag instead of on a plate. As a result of further fallout, Cho Hyun-Ah was later arrested by Korean authorities for violating South Korea's aviation safety laws.[52]

See also

{{Portal|South Korea|Companies|Aviation

  • List of airlines of South Korea
  • List of airports in South Korea
  • List of companies of South Korea
  • Transport in South Korea

References

{{Reflist|2

External links

{{Commons

Template:Korean Air Template:Airlines of South Korea Script error: No such module "navboxes". Template:SkyTeam IATA membersScript error: No such module "navboxes".Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted Template:Hanjin Script error: No such module "Navbox".


Category:Aerospace companies of South Korea Category:Aircraft manufacturers of South Korea Category:Airlines established in 1962 Category:Airlines of South Korea Category:Association of Asia Pacific Airlines Category:Companies based in Seoul Category:IATA members Category:Korean Air| Category:SkyTeam Category:South Korean brands Category:1962 establishments in South Korea

Korean-Air retired fleet
Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300B4-2C 8 1975 1997
Airbus A300B4-200F 2 1986 2000
Airbus A300-600R 30 1987 2012
Airbus A300-600RF 2 2015 2015 Converted from Airbus A300-600R.
Boeing 707-320B 3 1971 1989
Boeing 707-320C 7 1971 1989
Boeing 720 2 1969 1976
Boeing 727-100 5 1972 1985
Boeing 727-200 12 1980 1996
Boeing 747-200B 11 1978 1998
Boeing 747-200C 2 1973 2000
Boeing 747-200F 8 1978 2006
Boeing 747-200SF 2 1991 2002
Boeing 747-300 2 1984 2006
Boeing 747-300M 1 1988 2001
Boeing 747-300SF 1 2001 2006
Boeing 747-400BCF 9 2007 2014
Boeing 747-400F 10 1996 2018
Boeing 747-400M 1 1990 2010
Boeing 747SP 2 1981 1998
Boeing 777-200ER 4 2005 2016 Transferred to subsidiary Jin Air
CASA C-212 Unknown Unknown Unknown
Douglas DC-3 2 1950 1970
Douglas DC-4 2 1953 1969
Douglas DC-8-60 6 1972 1976
Fairchild-Hiller FH-227 2 1967 1970
Fokker F27-200 3 1963 1980
Fokker F27-500 3 1969 1991
Fokker F27-600 1 1982 1986
Fokker F28-4000 4 1984 1993
Fokker 100 12 1992 2004
Lockheed L-749A Constellation Unknown Unknown Unknown
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 2 1967 1972
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 5 1975 1996
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30CF 1 1978 1983
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 5 1991 1995
McDonnell Douglas MD-11F 5 1995 2005
McDonnell Douglas MD-82 9 1993 2001
McDonnell Douglas MD-83 7 1994 2001
NAMC YS-11A-200 7 1969 1977
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 {{cite web Web: &dataset=incomeStatement&period=A&currency=US%20Dollar korean air lines co ltd (003490:Korea SE) | publisher=businessweek.com|accessdate=September 1, 2014}} date=March 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web Web:
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Template:Cite news Directory: World Airlines
  4. ↑ " Korean-Air Lines Co., Ltd. History Template:Webarchive Web: ndinguniverse.com/company-histories/Korean-Air-Lines-Co-Ltd-Company-History May 22, 2012". International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 27. St. James Press, 1999.
  5. ↑ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. May 16, 1981. /pdfarchive/view/1981/1981%20-%201442.html?search=%22Laker%20Airways%22 1444].
  6. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  7. ↑ Template:Cite web Web:
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web Web:
  9. ↑ Vincent, Roger (September 23, 2014) /business/la-fi-re-wilshire-grand-intercontinental-20140923-story "Hotel under construction in downtown L.A. will be an InterContinental"] Los Angeles Times
  10. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  11. ↑ {{cite web 일반현황 / 기업개요| publisher=Korean Air| Web: |accessdate=September 9, 2010 "주소: 서울 특별시 강서구 공항동 1370번지 대현항공 빌딩"
  12. ↑ Template:Cite web cta-large=/global/en/about/who-we-are2/vision-statements-ethics/factsandfigures Who Wednesday Are - Korean Air
  13. ↑ " Why Nearly Half of Asiana Passengers Were Chinese]." The Wall Street Journal. July 7, 2013. Retrieved on July 19, 2013.
  14. ↑ {{cite web codeshare-partners Korean-Air codeshare partners |publisher= Korean-Air |access-date= July 4, 2017}}
  15. ↑ {{cite web Profile Korean-Air |website=CAPA |publisher=Centre for Aviation |access-date= October 29, 2016 |archive-url= Web: ntreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/korean-air-ke |archive-date= October 29, 2016 |dead-url=no}}
  16. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air / Aurora begins codeshare partnership from July 2018|publisher=Routesonline|date=July 12, 2018}}
  17. ↑ {{cite web Delta and Korean-Air to expand partnership|publisher=Delta Air Lines|access-date=March 29, 2017}}
  18. ↑ {{cite web Hawaiian Airlines, Korean-Air Team Up On Frequent Flyer Benefits|author=Hawaiian Airlines|website=Hawaiian Airlines|date=March 22, 2011|accessdate=April 25, 2017}}
  19. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air expands LATAM codeshare to Brasil in Nov 2018|publisher=Routesonline|date=November 29, 2018}}
  20. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air signs interline deal with Flybe|publisher=Breaking Travel News|date=23 March 2019}}
  21. ↑ {{cite web JetBlue and Korean-Air Announce New Interline Agreement to Connect Clients Between Asia and North America|publisher=PR Newswire|date=28 February 2012}}
  22. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air Lines Fleet Details and History|website=planespotters.net|date=December 30, 2016|access-date=December 30, 2016}}
  23. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air fleet and seat maps |website=Korean Air |access-date=June 1, 2018}}
  24. ↑ Template:Cite web Business Jet Services
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Template:Cite web Program Status Report - C Series aircraft
  26. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air becomes the third operator of the Bombardier CS300|publisher=World Airline News|date=December 22, 2017}}
  27. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air set for maiden CS300, to begin ops in early 1QQ8}}
  28. ↑ {{cite press release Korean-Air finalises order for 30 A321neo|publisher=Airbus|date=November 6, 2015}}
  29. ↑ {{cite press release Boeing, Korean-Air Announce Airline's Intent to Purchase 30 737 MAXs|publisher=Boeing|date=June 16, 2015}}
  30. ↑ http://m.koreaherald.com/amp/view.php?ud=20190619000362
  31. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air Joins Boeing 787 Family with up to 20-Airplane Order|publisher=Boeing|date=April 11, 2005}}
  32. ↑ Template:Cite web Boeing Delivers Korean Air's First 787-9 Dreamliner
  33. ↑ Template:Cite web Web:
  34. ↑ http://m.koreaherald.com/amp/view.php?ud=20190619000362
  35. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air business jet fleets|publisher=Korean Air}}
  36. ↑ Template:Cite web Web:
  37. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air adds maiden Gulfstream G650ER|publisher=Ch-Aviation|date=August 3, 2016}}
  38. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air Lines Fleet Details and History|website=planespotters.net|date=June 26, 2018}}
  39. ↑ {{cite news Korean-Air Mulling ‘Large’ Widebody Jet Order for Expansion|date=19 October 2022|publisher=Bloomberg}}
  40. ↑ {{cite news Korean-Air widebody order "imminent", eyes more A220s|date=11 June 2019|publisher=Ch-Aviation}}
  41. ↑ {{cite news Korean-Air introduces premium seats|language=Korean Web: arcid=0921274092&cp=nv}}
  42. ↑ {{cite web Absolut Celestial Cafe on Korean-Air A380 aircraft Web: |archiveurl=https://eb.archive.org/web/20120324011651/http://contrastmagazine.com/blog/?p=9450%7Carchivedate=March 24, 2012|work=Contrast Magazine|accessdate=December 23, 2016}}
  43. ↑ Template:Cite web Lancome Opening Duty-Free Shops on Korean Air's A380 Airplanes Web:
  44. ↑ {{cite web Korean-Air Aerospace Division (KAA) | publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|accessdate=April 29, 2013}}
  45. ↑ Carrier moonlights in aerospace. Los Angeles Times. (February 18, 2007).
  46. ↑ Korean-Air Aerospace Division Official Website Template:Webarchive Web: kal-asd.com/ September 29, 2007. Kal-asd.com.
  47. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  48. ↑ See Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers (2023), pp. 177–223 for a discussion of this turnaround in airline safety. Gladwell notes (p. 180) that the Aviation accidents and incidents|hull-loss rate for the airline was 4.79 per million departures, a full 17 times greater than United Airlines which at the same time had a loss rate of just 0.27 per million departures.
  49. ↑ {{Cite web Korean-Air Bucks Tradition To Fix Problems|last=Stanley|first=Bruce|date=2006-01-09|website=www.wsj.com|publisher=The Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2019-04-11}}
  50. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  51. ↑ Pasick, Adam (December 9, 2014). " Nepotism in a Nutshell". The Atlantic. Retrieved December 23, 2016.
  52. ↑ Template:Cite web Ex-Korean Air Executive Arrested Over 'Nut Rage' Incident
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