Difference between revisions of "Persian Empire"
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| − | The ancient '''Persian Empire''' included areas far beyond modern Persia, now called Iran. | + | The ancient '''Persian Empire''' included areas far beyond modern Persia, now called [[Iran]]. |
== An introduction to {{FULLPAGENAME}} == | == An introduction to {{FULLPAGENAME}} == | ||
| − | At some times the Persians controlled much of the Middle East — they were a main antagonist of Ancient Greece a few centuries BCE (and later the Roman Empire), and ruled Egypt at one point — as well as much of the Caucasus and parts of what are now Pakistan and India. | + | At some times the Persians controlled much of the [[Middle East]] — they were a main antagonist of Ancient [[Greece]] a few centuries BCE (and later the Roman Empire), and ruled [[Egypt]] at one point — as well as much of the Caucasus and parts of what are now [[Pakistan]] and [[India]]. |
| − | In Western canon | + | In Western canon and the Persian Empire was famous for the liberation of Judaism|Jews from [[Babylon]], as well as the Persian Wars with Ancient [[Greece]]. |
| − | They had a huge influence on Central Asia, much of which they ruled for centuries. Marco Polo, for example, describes cities like Bukhara and Balkh as Persian. Even today, one dialect of Persian is the main language of Tajikistan and another is widely used in Afghanistan. They also had a tremendous influence on South Asia which was repeatedly invaded by Persian speakers, from Darius taking Gandhara in the 6th century BCE to the Mughal Empire which ruled much of the subcontinent from the 16th century CE into the 19th. | + | They had a huge influence on Central Asia, much of which they ruled for centuries. Marco Polo, for example, describes cities like Bukhara and [[Balkh]] as Persian. Even today, one dialect of Persian is the main language of [[Tajikistan]] and another is widely used in [[Afghanistan]]. They also had a tremendous influence on South Asia which was repeatedly invaded by Persian speakers, from Darius taking Gandhara in the 6th century BCE to the Mughal Empire which ruled much of the subcontinent from the 16th century CE into the 19th. |
Persia has been conquered three times: by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE, by Arabs during the great expansion of Islam in the 8th century CE, and by the Mongol Empire in the 13th. Every time, it has risen again to create another Persian Empire. | Persia has been conquered three times: by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE, by Arabs during the great expansion of Islam in the 8th century CE, and by the Mongol Empire in the 13th. Every time, it has risen again to create another Persian Empire. | ||
| − | <h2 class=subheader>Local | + | <h2 class=subheader>Local Languages</h2> |
| − | The main dialects of Persian are Farsi in Iran, Tajik in Tajikistan and Dari in Afghanistan. They are different enough to create difficulties, but not to completely prevent understanding. | + | The main dialects of Persian are [https://fa.ehalal.io/muslim-friendly-travel-2024/{{urlencode:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|PATH}} Farsi] in [[Iran]], Tajik in [[Tajikistan]] and Dari in [[Afghanistan]]. They are different enough to create difficulties, but not to completely prevent understanding. |
== Destinations == | == Destinations == | ||
| − | =<h2 class=subheader> | + | =<h2 class=subheader>Regions of {{FULLPAGENAME}}</h2> |
AchaemenidMapBehistunInscription - Peak of Achaemenid Empire | AchaemenidMapBehistunInscription - Peak of Achaemenid Empire | ||
| − | At its peak, around 500 BCE | + | At its peak, around 500 BCE and the empire was enormous. Here we list some areas that retained Persian culture for centuries beyond that. |
*Afghanistan has always shown a strong Persian influence | *Afghanistan has always shown a strong Persian influence | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
*Iran was the center of the empire | *Iran was the center of the empire | ||
*Sogdia was the northernmost part of the empire a few centuries BCE | *Sogdia was the northernmost part of the empire a few centuries BCE | ||
| − | *Gandhara, a civilization centered in what is now Pakistan, with much fine Buddhist art | + | *Gandhara, a civilization centered in what is now [[Pakistan]], with much fine Buddhist art |
===Former Cities of the {{FULLPAGENAME}}=== | ===Former Cities of the {{FULLPAGENAME}}=== | ||
| − | See Iran#Cities for the main modern towns there. This section lists only places not on that list. | + | See [[Iran]]#Cities for the main modern towns there. This section lists only places not on that list. |
| − | * Baku in Azerbaijan For much of its history, was a Persian city, and its old core's architecture reflects this fact. | + | * Baku in [[Azerbaijan]] For much of its history, was a Persian city, and its old core's architecture reflects this fact. |
| − | * Balkh Former capital of Bactria, now a town in northern Afghanistan with interesting buildings | + | * [[Balkh]] Former capital of Bactria, now a town in northern [[Afghanistan]] with interesting buildings |
* Bokhara Great trading city on the Silk Road | * Bokhara Great trading city on the Silk Road | ||
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
* Derbent Dagestan "The Barred Gates"in Persian, often identified with the legendary Gates of Alexander, was intermittently controlled by the Persian monarchs, starting from the 6th century BC. Its beautiful fortress is thought to date from the reign of Khosrau I. | * Derbent Dagestan "The Barred Gates"in Persian, often identified with the legendary Gates of Alexander, was intermittently controlled by the Persian monarchs, starting from the 6th century BC. Its beautiful fortress is thought to date from the reign of Khosrau I. | ||
| − | * Herat Now Afghanistan's westernmost city, it's heavily influenced by Persia and sometimes part of the empire | + | * [[Herat]] Now [[Afghanistan]]'s westernmost city, it's heavily influenced by Persia and sometimes part of the empire |
| − | * Persepolis Iran Now only ruins, was the empire's capital in its days of glory | + | * Persepolis [[Iran]] Now only ruins, was the empire's capital in its days of glory |
| − | * Samarkand - Uzbekistan Silk Road city and once capital of Sogdia | + | * Samarkand - [[Uzbekistan]] Silk Road city and once capital of Sogdia |
==Itineraries== | ==Itineraries== | ||
| Line 57: | Line 57: | ||
{{outlinetopic}} | {{outlinetopic}} | ||
{{Geo|32|53|zoom=4}} | {{Geo|32|53|zoom=4}} | ||
| − | {{RelatedWikipedia|History of Iran|rel=n}} | + | {{RelatedWikipedia|History of [[Iran]]|rel=n}} |
Latest revision as of 13:50, 21 September 2024
The ancient Persian Empire included areas far beyond modern Persia, now called Iran.
Contents
An introduction to Persian Empire
At some times the Persians controlled much of the Middle East — they were a main antagonist of Ancient Greece a few centuries BCE (and later the Roman Empire), and ruled Egypt at one point — as well as much of the Caucasus and parts of what are now Pakistan and India.
In Western canon and the Persian Empire was famous for the liberation of Judaism|Jews from Babylon, as well as the Persian Wars with Ancient Greece.
They had a huge influence on Central Asia, much of which they ruled for centuries. Marco Polo, for example, describes cities like Bukhara and Balkh as Persian. Even today, one dialect of Persian is the main language of Tajikistan and another is widely used in Afghanistan. They also had a tremendous influence on South Asia which was repeatedly invaded by Persian speakers, from Darius taking Gandhara in the 6th century BCE to the Mughal Empire which ruled much of the subcontinent from the 16th century CE into the 19th.
Persia has been conquered three times: by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCE, by Arabs during the great expansion of Islam in the 8th century CE, and by the Mongol Empire in the 13th. Every time, it has risen again to create another Persian Empire.
Local Languages
The main dialects of Persian are Farsi in Iran, Tajik in Tajikistan and Dari in Afghanistan. They are different enough to create difficulties, but not to completely prevent understanding.
Destinations
=
Regions of Persian Empire
AchaemenidMapBehistunInscription - Peak of Achaemenid Empire At its peak, around 500 BCE and the empire was enormous. Here we list some areas that retained Persian culture for centuries beyond that.
- Afghanistan has always shown a strong Persian influence
- Bactria has been a center of trade for several thousand years
- Iran was the center of the empire
- Sogdia was the northernmost part of the empire a few centuries BCE
- Gandhara, a civilization centered in what is now Pakistan, with much fine Buddhist art
Former Cities of the Persian Empire
See Iran#Cities for the main modern towns there. This section lists only places not on that list.
- Baku in Azerbaijan For much of its history, was a Persian city, and its old core's architecture reflects this fact.
- Balkh Former capital of Bactria, now a town in northern Afghanistan with interesting buildings
- Bokhara Great trading city on the Silk Road
- Derbent Dagestan "The Barred Gates"in Persian, often identified with the legendary Gates of Alexander, was intermittently controlled by the Persian monarchs, starting from the 6th century BC. Its beautiful fortress is thought to date from the reign of Khosrau I.
- Herat Now Afghanistan's westernmost city, it's heavily influenced by Persia and sometimes part of the empire
- Persepolis Iran Now only ruins, was the empire's capital in its days of glory
- Samarkand - Uzbekistan Silk Road city and once capital of Sogdia
Itineraries
- Silk Road
- On the trail of Marco Polo
See also
- Ancient Mesopotamia
- Mongol Empire
- Ottoman Empire