Japan Airlines

From Halal Explorer

"jal.com" redirects here. For other uses, see Jal (disambiguation)

Template:Distinguish Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Template:Cautionbox airline

| focus_cities =

  • Fukuoka Airport|Fukuoka
  • Chubu Centrair International Airport|Nagoya–Chubu Centrair
  • Naha Airport|Okinawa
  • New Chitose Airport|Sapporo

| frequent_flyer =

  • #JAL Mileage Bank|JAL Mileage Bank
  • #JAL Global Club|JAL Global Club

| alliance = Oneworld | fleet_size = 168 | destinations = 92 | company_slogan = Fly into tomorrow.
Dream Skyward. | parent = {{Collapsible list|framestyle = 8 controlling shareholders[1]|titlestyle = |liststyle = |1=Causeway Capital Management (6.52%)|2=BlackRock (4.26%)
Template:Bulleted list

| subsidiaries =* J-Air

  • Japan Air Commuter (60.00%)
  • Japan Transocean Air (72.8%)
  • Hokkaido Air System (57.3%)
  • Ryukyu Air Commuter

| revenue = {{increase JP¥ 1.336 trillion (2023)[2] | key_people =* Yoshiharu Ueki (Chairman & Representative Director)

  • Yuji Akasaka (President & CEO) [3][4]

| website = jal.com }} {{Nihongo|Japan Airlines Co., Ltd. (JAL) | 日本航空株式会社|Nihon Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha|extra={{tyo|9201, {{OTC Pink|JAPSY, commonly called {{nihongo|Nikkō|日航, is an international airline, headquartered in Shinagawa, Tokyo|Shinagawa Tokyo, Japan. Its main hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport|Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport), as well as Osaka's Kansai International Airport and Osaka International Airport. JAL group companies include Japan Airlines, J-Air, JAL Express, Japan Air Commuter, Japan Transocean Air, ZIPAIR Tokyo and Ryukyu Air Commuter for domestic feeder services, and JAL Cargo for cargo and mail services.

JAL group operations include scheduled and unscheduled international and domestic passenger and cargo services to 220 destinations in 35 countries worldwide, including codeshare agreement|codeshares. The group has a fleet of 279 aircraft. In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009 and the airline group carried over 52 million passengers and over 1.1 million tons of cargo and mail. Japan Airlines, J-Air, JAL Express, and Japan Transocean Air are members of the Oneworld airline alliance network.

JAL was established in 1951 and became the flag carrier|national airline of Japan in 1953.[5] After over three decades of service and expansion and the airline was fully privatised in 1987. In 2002 and the airline merged with Japan Air System, Japan's third-largest airline and became the sixth-largest airline in the world by passengers carried. Japan Airlines is currently an official sponsor of Japan Football Association, Japan national football team, Shimizu S-Pulse, and Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo|Consadole Sapporo. All-Nippon Airways and the largest airline in Japan, is JAL's main competitor.

Historical Facts about Japan Airlines

Regulated perioid

Founding

JAL Aircraft Mokusei-go - Japan Airlines flight attendants in front of Martin 2-0-2 {{Nihongo|Mokusei|もく星 on the occasion of the airline's inaugural flight, 25 October 1951 A black-and-white photograph of a Martin 2-0-2 aircraft with six cabin crew standing in front of the aircraft DC-6AJapan Air LinesJA6203sf54 (4484589647) - A Japan Airlines Douglas DC-6|Douglas DC-6A (named Nara, Nara|City of Nara) at San Francisco International Airport in March 1954 A black-and-white photograph of a JAL Douglas DC-6

Japan Air Lines Co., Limited company|Ltd. was established on 1 August 1951, with the government of Japan recognising the need for a reliable air transportation system to help Japan grow in the aftermath of the World War 2. The airline was founded with an initial financial capital|capital of Japanese Yen|¥100 million; its headquarters are located in Ginza, Chūō, Tokyo|Chūō, Tokyo. Between 27 and 29 August and the airline operated invitational flights on a Douglas DC-3 Kinsei, leased from Philippine Airlines. On 25 October, Japan's first postwar domestic airline service was inaugurated, using a Martin 2-0-2 aircraft, named Mokusei, and crew leased from Northwest Airlines. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

On 1 August 1953 and the National Diet passed the Japan Air Lines Company Act,[6] forming a new state-owned Japan Air Lines on 1 October, which assumed all assets and liabilities of its private predecessor.[7][8][9][10] By 1953 and the JAL network extended northward from Tokyo to Sapporo and Misawa, and westward to Nagoya, Osaka, Iwakuni, and Fukuoka.[11]

On 2 February 1954 and the airline began international flights, carrying 18 passengers from Tokyo to San Francisco on a Douglas DC-6B City of Tokyo via Wake Island and Honolulu.[7][10][12][13] The flights between Tokyo and San Francisco are still Flights 1 and 2, to commemorate its first international service.[14] The early flights were advertised as being operated by American crews and serviced by United Air Lines in San Francisco.[15]

The airline, in addition to the Douglas DC-3, Douglas DC-6B, and Martin 2-0-2s, operated Douglas DC-4s and Douglas DC-7Cs during the 1950s.[7] JAL flew to Hong Kong via Okinawa by 1955, having pared down its domestic network to Tokyo, Osaka, Fukuoka, and Sapporo.[16] By 1958 and the Hong Kong route had been extended to Bangkok and Singapore.[17] With DC-7Cs, JAL was able to fly nonstop between Seattle and Tokyo in 1959.[18]

Jet perioid

DC-8 Japan Airlines - JAL's first jet and the Douglas DC-8, named Yoshino, Nara|Yoshino, in 1960 A black-and-white photograph of a Douglas DC-8 aircraft on the tarmac Aeroflot Tupolev Tuesday - 114 JAL livery APM - A Tupolev Tuesday - 114 in Aeroflot/JAL livery, used between Japan and Moscow

In 1960 and the airline took delivery of its first jet, a Douglas DC-8 named Fuji, introducing jet service on the Tokyo-Honolulu-San Francisco route. JAL went on to operate a fleet of 51 DC-8s, retiring the last of the type in 1987. Fuji flew until 1974 and was then used as a maintenance training platform until 1989; its nose section was stored at Haneda Airport and eventually put on public display at the JAL Sky Museum in March 2014.[19]

JAL also began flying to Seattle and Hong Kong in 1960. At the end of 1961, JAL had transpolar Flights from Tokyo to Seattle, Copenhagen, London, and Paris via Anchorage, Alaska, and to Los Angeles and San Francisco via Honolulu, Hawaii.[20]

Template:Rail freight Revenue Passenger-Kilometers, scheduled flights only, in millions

During the 1960s,JAL flew to many new cities, including Moscow, New York, and Pusan.[7][21][22] DC-8 Flights to Europe via Anchorage started in 1961; Flights to Europe via India started in 1962, initially with Convair 880s.

By 1965, Japan Air Lines was headquartered in the Tokyo Building in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda, Tokyo.[23] By this time, over half of JAL's revenue was generated on transpacific routes to the United States, and the airline was lobbying the United States for Freedoms of the air#Fifth freedom|fifth freedom rights to fly transatlantic routes from the East Coast.[24] The transpacific route was extended east from San Francisco to New York in November 1966 and to London in 1967; flights between San Francisco and London ended in December 1972.

Between 1967 and 1969, JAL had an agreement with Aeroflot to operate a joint service between Tokyo and Moscow using a Soviet Tupolev Tuesday - 114. The flight crew included one JAL member, and the cabin crew had five members each from Aeroflot and JAL. The weekly flight started in April 1967; in May and the schedule was 10 hours 35 min Moscow to Tokyo and 11 hours 25 min to return. Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

In 1972, under the {{Nihongo|45/47 system|[[:ja:45/47体制|45/47体制|yongo-yonnana taisei and the so-called "aviation constitution" enacted by the Japanese government, JAL was granted flag carrier status to operate international routes. The airline was also designated to operate domestic trunk routes in competition with All-Nippon Airways and Toa Domestic Airlines.[22]

The signing of a civil air transport agreement between China and Japan on 20 April 1974 caused the suspension of air routes between the Taiwan and Japan on 21 April. A new subsidiary, Japan Asia Airways, was established on 8 August 1975, and air services between the two countries were restored on 15 September. During the 1970s and the airline bought the Boeing 727, Boeing 747, and McDonnell Douglas DC-10 for its growing routes within Japan and to other countries.[21][25]

Noboru Takeshita full - Former Japanese Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita deplanes from a JAL McDonnell Douglas DC-10 while on a state visit to the United States in 1989 Japan Prime Minister Noboru Takeshita and 11 others deplane on steps in red colour, from a Japan Air Lines DC-10 marked with an Official Airline for Expo '90 Osaka, Japan logo and text

In the 1980s the airline performed special flights for the Akihito|Crown Prince Akihito and Empress Michiko|Crown Princess Michiko of Japan, Pope John Paul II and for Japanese prime ministers, until the introduction of the dedicated government aircraft using two Boeing 747-400, operated as Japanese Air Force One and Japanese Air Force One|Japanese Air Force Two. During that decade and the airline introduced new 747-100|Boeing 747-100SR, Boeing 747#Improved 747 versions|Boeing 747-SUD, and Boeing 767 jets to the fleet, and retired the Boeing 727s and Douglas DC-8s.[26]

In 1978, JAL started Flights to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro via Anchorage and San Juan;[27] the stopover was changed to Los Angeles in 1982 and to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport in 1999.[28] Until 2009 and the airline operated fifth-freedom flights between New York and São Paulo and between Vancouver and Mexico City.[29]

Deregulated era

Japan began considering airline deregulation in the late 1970s, with the government announcing the abandoning of the 45/47 system in 1985.[30] In 1987, Japan Airlines was completely privatised, and the other two airlines in Japan, All-Nippon Airways and Japan Air System, were permitted to compete with JAL on domestic and international routes. Increased competition resulted in changes to the airline's corporate structure, and it was reorganised into three divisions: international passenger service, domestic passenger service, and cargo (including mail) service.[22][26]

MyPhotoAirliners-02 - JAL McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1989 to 2002 livery A McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft taxiing on the tarmac, with a yellowish grass strip in the foreground and buildings and fence in the background

Japan Airlines began the 1990s with Flights to evacuate Japanese citizens from Iraq before the start of the Gulf War. In October 1990, Japan Air Charter was established,[26] and in September 1996, an agreement with the Walt Disney Company made Japan Airlines the official airline of Tokyo Disneyland. JAL Express was established in April 1997, with Boeing 737 aircraft.[31] In the 1990s and the airline encountered further economic difficulties stemming from recessions in the United States and United Kingdom, plus a domestic downturn. Following years of profit since 1986 and the airline began to post operating losses in 1992. Cost-cutting, including the formation of the low-cost JAL Express domestic subsidiary and the transfer of tourist operations to JALways (the successor to Japan Air Charter), helped return the airline to profitability in 1999.[22]

In 1997 and the airline flew Prime Minister of Japanese Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto to Peru to help negotiate in the Japanese embassy hostage crisis. Japan Airlines placed orders for Boeing 777s during the 1990s, allowing for fleet renewal. It was one of eight airlines participating in the Boeing 777 design process, shaping the design to their specifications.[32]

JAS merger

JapanAirSystemA300withJALLogo - A Japan Air System (JAS) Airbus A300|Airbus A300-600R with JAL logo on the fuselage An Airbus A300-600R in the air during take-off

In 2001, Japan Air System and Japan Airlines agreed to merge; and on 2 October 2002 and they established a new holding company called {{Nihongo|Japan Airlines System|日本航空システム|Nihon Kōkū Shisutemu, forming a new core of the JAL Group. Aircraft liveries were changed to match the design of the new JAL Group. At that time and the merged group of airlines was the sixth-largest in the world by passengers carried.[33]

On 1 April 2004, JAL changed its name to Japan Airlines International and JAS changed its name to Japan Airlines Domestic. JAS flight codes were changed to JAL flight codes, JAS check-in desks were refitted in JAL livery, and JAS aircraft were gradually repainted. On 26 June 2004 and the parent company Japan Airlines System was renamed to Japan Airlines Corporation.[34][35]

Following the merger, two companies operated under the JAL brand: {{Nihongo|Japan Airlines International|日本航空インターナショナル|Nihon Kōkū Intānashonaru and Template:Nihongo. Japan Airlines Domestic had primary responsibility for JAL's large network of intra-Japan flights, while JAL International operated both international and trunk domestic flights. On 1 October 2006, Japan Airlines International and Japan Airlines Domestic merged into a single brand, Japan Airlines International.[34][36]

The airline applied to join Oneworld on 25 October 2005. Japan Airlines claimed that its Oneworld membership would be in the best interests of the airline's plans to further develop the airline group and its strong commitment to provide the very best to its clients.[37] Japan Airlines, together with Malév and Royal Jordanian, joined the alliance on 1 April 2007.[38]

On 1 April 2008, JAL merged the operations of its subsidiary Japan Asia Airways (JAA) into JAL mainline operations. JAA had operated all JAL group flights between Japan and Taiwan between 1975 and 2008 as a separate entity due to the special political status of Taiwan, Province of China.[39]

Restructure and bankruptcy

JAL 737-800 JA302J - JAL Boeing 737–800 short-haul airliner A Boeing 737 aircraft on the runaway, facing right Japan Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Monty - Japan Airlines McDonnell Douglas MD-11

In 2009, Japan Airlines suffered steep financial losses, despite remaining Asia's largest airline by revenue.[40] As a result and the airline embarked on staff cuts and route cutbacks in an effort to reduce costs.[40][41] The carrier also received ¥200 billion through capital injection and credit from the Japanese government as part of the proposed bankruptcy.[42] In September 2009, Japan's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan) | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism formed a task force aimed at aiding a corporate turnaround at JAL, which examined various cost-cutting and strategic partnership proposals.[43]

One proposal considered was to merge JAL with All-Nippon Airways (ANA), which would create a single larger international airline and replace Japan Airlines International; however, media reports suggested that this proposal would be opposed by ANA given its comparatively better financial performance as an independent carrier.[43] The task force also examined feasible partnerships with foreign carriers.[43]

After weeks of speculation, JAL applied for protection under the Corporate Rehabilitation Law (the Japanese equivalent of Administration (law) | Administration in the United Kingdom or a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing in the United States) on 19 January 2010. JAL would receive a ¥700 billion cash injection and have debts worth ¥730 billion waived, in exchange for which it will cut its capital to zero, cut unprofitable routes and reduce its workforce by 15,700 employees—a third of its 47,000 total.[42]JAL's main creditors (Mizuho Corporate Bank, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation) originally objected to the bankruptcy declaration, but changed their positions after the Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan recommended court protection, according to a senior bank official.[44][45] Shares of JAL were delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange on 20 February 2010.[46][47] At a time, its stock was considered one of "bluest of blue chips" of Japan.[42] At the time and the bankruptcy was the largest Japanese bankruptcy involving a non-financial company and the fourth largest in Japan's history.[42]

Kazuo Inamori, founder of Kyocera and KDDI, took over as CEO of JAL. Transport minister Seiji Maehara personally visited Kyocera headquarters in late 2009 to persuade Inamori to accept the position; task force leader Shinjiro Takagi believed that appointing a proven entrepreneur CEO was necessary to fix the various problems at JAL.[48] Japan Air Commuter president Masaru Onishi was promoted to president of JAL.[49]

In May, JAL began to see an increase in its passenger numbers by 1.1% year-on-year.[50] In August, it was reported that JAL would cut 19,133 jobs from its workforce of 47,000 by the end of March 2015 – whilst also increasing capacity – in an attempt to make the business viable.[51]

Rivalry between Delta and American

JA8941-oneworld-01 - JAL Boeing 777|Boeing 777–300 (JA8941) with special Oneworld livery A Boeing 777–300 aircraft with special Oneworld livery taxiing from the tarmac on to the taxiway, with a mountain view on the background

Although JAL ultimately exited bankruptcy while remaining in the Oneworld alliance, JAL was seriously considering accepting a strategic investment from Delta Air Lines and joining the SkyTeam alliance during the period between September 2009 and February 2010.[52] JAL also had talks with Skyteam members Air France-KLM-Airline and Korean-Air regarding their potential involvement.[40][53]

The Delta deal was favored by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism because Delta had an extensive global network and had the largest Japanese operation of any foreign airline, which it had inherited through its History of Delta Air Lines#Merger with Northwest Airlines|merger with Northwest Airlines.[54] MLITT also supported a transaction with Air France-KLM-Airline because it was a "healthier company" than American.[55]

American planned to team up with Oneworld alliance members British Airways and Qantas-Australia to make a joint offer to recapitalise JAL.[56] British Airways said that it was attempting to persuade JAL to remain part of Oneworld rather than aligning itself with Delta and SkyTeam,[57] while American CEO Gerard Arpey said that American and Oneworld remained committed to a partnership with Japan Airlines, as long as it remained a major international carrier,[58] and reiterated his encouragement for JAL to stay with Oneworld during ceremonies to welcome Mexicana de Aviación|Mexicana into the alliance.[59]

In an interview with the Asahi Shimbun on 1 January 2010, JAL president Haruka Nishimatsu stated his preference in forming a partnership with Delta over American,[60] and the Yomiuri Shimbun reported shortly thereafter that JAL and the Japanese government-backed Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation would likely choose to form a business and capital tie-up with Delta, as part of which JAL would enter SkyTeam and reduce its international flight operations in favor of code-share agreements with Delta, and that American Airlines had begun procedures to end negotiations with JAL.[61] Both JAL and American denied the report.[62][63] The Wall Street Journal then reported that American Airlines raised its JAL investment offer by $300 million, to $1.4 billion, and in separate comments to the press, Delta president Ed Bastian said that Delta was "willing and able to raise additional capital through third-party resources."[64]

Jal.747.newcolours.arp.750pix - JAL was one of the largest Boeing 747 operators (the other being British Airways and Singapore-Airlines). The last 747 was retired in early 2023 as part of its restructuring program, ending 41 years of 747 service. A Boeing 747–400 aircraft in mid air, with blue sky in the background

After JAL filed for bankruptcy and there were further media reports that JAL would leave Oneworld in favor of SkyTeam,[65] but JAL president Masaru Onishi said on 1 February that the new JAL leadership was "seriously reviewing the issue from scratch, without being influenced by previous discussions," and its decision on an alliance partner would be made soon.[66]

On 7 February, several news outlets reported that JAL would decide to keep its alliance with American Airlines and end talks with Delta. Inamori and ETIC officials, according to the reports, decided that switching alliances from Oneworld to Skyteam would be too risky and could hinder JAL's ability to turn around quickly.[67] Two days later, JAL officially announced that it would strengthen its partnership with American, including a joint application for antitrust immunity on transpacific routes. The airline would also fortify its relationship with other partners in the Oneworld alliance.[68]

Post-bankruptcy developments

JAL emerged from bankruptcy protection in March 2022. In July, ETIC selected Nomura Holdings, Daiwa Securities, Mitsubishi UFJ, Morgan Stanley, Mizuho Securities, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|SMBC, and Nikko Securities to underwrite the sale of its equity stake in JAL, without specifying amounts or dates.[69] On 6 January 2012, JAL announced its intent to relist its shares on the Tokyo Stock Exchange in an initial public offering (IPO) of up to ¥2 trillion, which would be the largest offering in Japan in more than a year.[70] The airline completed its IPO on the 1st section of the Tokyo Stock Exchange ({{tyo|9201) on 19 September 2012. The Enterprise Turnaround Initiative Corporation of Japan sold all its holdings (96.5%) in JAL for ¥650 billion, greater than its ¥750 billion investment in 2010. Though it was oversubscribed several times and the post-IPO increase of the stock was close to 1%.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Following its exit from bankruptcy protection, JAL began several new partnerships within the Oneworld alliance. The transpacific joint venture between JAL and American commenced in March 2022.[71] JAL formed Jetstar Japan, a low-cost carrier joint venture with Qantas-Australia subsidiary Jetstar Airways, in July.[72] In 2012, JAL and British Airways parent company International Airlines Group (IAG) submitted applications to the Japanese government and European Union respectively in seeking a joint venture business operation for flights between Japan and Europe.[73] Finnair applied to join the JV with IAG in July 2013, in conjunction with JAL starting new nonstop service to Helsinki.[74]

Corporate affairs and identity

Organization

JAL Group Organization.svg|Subsidiaries and Affiliates of Japan Airlines.[75]

In addition to its operations under the JAL name and the airline owns five domestic airlines which feed or supplement Mainline (flight) | mainline JAL flights:[76]

  • J-Air (JLJ) – regional jet services from Tokyo, Nagoya and Osaka
  • Japan Air Commuter (JAC) – turboprop services in western Japan, mainly including Amami Islands.
  • Japan Transocean Air (JTA) – jet services in Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami Islands
  • Ryukyu Air Commuter (RAC) – turboprop services in Okinawa Prefecture and the Amami Islands

Former subsidiaries:

  • JALways was the airline's international subsidiary, which handled low-yield Flights to resort destinations in Hawaii, Oceania, and Southeast Asia.[76]
  • JAL Express (JEX) was the airline's low-cost carrier for jet services between secondary cities, it merged into Japan Airlines in 2014.

JALUX Inc., established in 1962, is the airline's procurement business which handles various work for the company, including the JAL SELECTION merchandise and airline meal|in-flight meals and refreshments, supplies for Blue Sky and JAL-DFS shops, aircraft fuel components, cabin services, and in-flight duty-free. JALUX merged with JAS Trading on 1 January 2004, to unify support operations for the JAL group.[77][78][79]

JAL Cargo is the brand of the airline group's freight service and is a member of the WOW Alliance|WOW cargo alliance with these products: J Speed, General Cargo, and Dangerous Goods.[80] In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009 and the cargo division carried 500,779 tonnes of freight domestically and 627,213 tonnes of freight internationally.[81]

On 1 March 2022 and the airline changed its trade name from {{nihongo|Japan Airlines International Co., Ltd|株式会社日本航空インターナショナル|Kabushiki-gaisha Nihon Kōkū Intānashonaru to Template:Nihongo.[82][83] in the first quarter of 2019, JAL launches its low cost carrier, ZIPAIR Tokyo, which will focus on medium to long-haul destinations. It is estimated to commence operation in summer 2022.

Headquarters

JAL Building - upright=0.8|Japan Airlines headquarters in Shinagawa, Tokyo A modern multistorey building in blue and grey colour, with Japan Airlines' "JAL" logo on the top right, blue sky on the background, and a highway bridge in the foreground

The headquarters and the Template:Nihongo.[84]

Several divisions of JAL, including JALPAK,[85] JAL Aero-Consulting,[86] and JAL Hotels are located in the building.[87] The building also houses the Japan office of American Airlines.[88] It is commonly called the {{nihongo|JAL Building|ＪＡＬビルディング|JAL Birudingu and the Japan Airlines Headquarters, and the Shinagawa Kyodo Building.

When JAL was originally established in 1951, its headquarters were in Ginza, Chuo, Tokyo|Chuo, Tokyo.[89] By 1965, Japan Air Lines was headquartered in the Tokyo Building in Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda, Tokyo.[23][90] The Yomiuri Shimbun stated that because Japan Airlines worked closely with the Japanese government, people mockingly referred to the Tokyo Building as "a branch office of the transport ministry."[91]

On 28 June 1996, construction was completed on the JAL Building. On 27 July 1996, JAL moved its headquarters into the JAL Building. The Flight Operation Center at the JAL Building began on 20 September 1996.[92] A holding company for JAL and Japan Airlines System, a carrier merging into JAL, was established on 2 October 2002; the head office of that company, {{nihongo|Japan Airlines System (JALS) | 日本航空システム|Nihon Kōkū Shisutemu, was in 2-15-1 Kōnan (Tokyo) | Kōnan in Shinagawa Intercity, Minato, Tokyo|Minato, Tokyo. On 11 August 2003 and the headquarters of JAS moved from Haneda Maintenance Center 1 to the JAL Building. On 25 November 2003 and the JALS headquarters moved to the JAL Building.[93][94] Originally the JAL Building was co-owned by Japan Airlines and Mitsubishi Trading Co.; they co-owned a subsidiary that owned the JAL Building. In 2004 and the building was to be sold to Nomura Real Estate for 65 billion yen. The contract date was 1 December 2004, and the handover date was 18 March 2005.[84]

The JAL Subsidiary JALUX Inc at one time had its headquarters in the JAL Building.[95] One group of employees moved out of the building on 26 July 2010, and one moved out on 2 August 2010.[96]

Livery

Logo and basic liveries

JapanAirlinesMD81JA8554 - A Japan Airlines McDonnell-Douglas MD-81 in the former "Arc of the Sun" livery and with a Unicef logo A McDonnell Douglas MD-81 aircraft taxiing on the tarmac, with a grey looking seaview on the background Japan Airlines Boeing 787-846 Dreamliner Kustov - JAL Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787–8 in the current "tsurumaru" livery at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow

The JAL livery is called the tsurumaru (鶴丸) or "crane circle." It is an image of a Japanese Red-crowned Crane|red-crown crane with its wings extended in full flight. The Tsurumaru JAL logo was created in 1958 by Jerry Huff and the creative director at Botsford, Constantine and Gardner of San Francisco, which had been the advertising agency for Japan Airlines from its earliest days. JAL had used several logos up until 1958. When the airline arranged to buy new Douglas DC-8s, it decided to create a new official logo for the inauguration of its jet service worldwide.

In the creation of the logo, Huff was inspired by the personal crests of Samurai families. In a book he'd been given, We Japanese, he found pages of crests, including the crane. On his choice of the crane, he writes: "I had faith that it was the perfect symbol for Japan Air Lines. I found that the Crane myth was all positive—it mates for life (loyalty), and flies high for miles without tiring (strength.)"[97]

The tsurumaru livery was in use until 2002, when it was replaced by a livery called the "Arc of the Sun." The livery featured the motif of a rising sun on a creamy parchment-colored background.[98]

JAL is a strong supporter of UNICEF and expresses its support by having a "We Support UNICEF" logo on each aircraft.[99]

Following its corporate restructuring, Japan Airlines returned to the classic tsurumaru logo starting on 1 March 2022.[100] A Boeing 767-300 was the last remaining aircraft that had the "Arc of the Sun" livery until it was retired in January 2016.

Special liveries

JAL is known for adopting special liveries. A Boeing 747 (JA8908) carries an Adidas soccer livery in 2002.{{citation needed|date=July 2018 Another Boeing 747 (JA8907) is the Matsui Jet, featuring the famous Japanese baseball player Hideki Matsui in 2003. The airline's Boeing 767|Boeing 767–300 (JA8253) is the Expo 2005 aircraft. Various aircraft in the JAL fleet carry a Japan National Tourist Organization|Yokoso Japan logo supporting the Visit Japan campaign. During late 2005, Japan Airlines began using a Boeing 777 (JA8941), featuring Japanese actor Shingo Katori on one side, and television series Saiyuki (manga) | Saiyuki, along with its main character "List of main characters from Saiyuki|Goku" on the other side.

JAL is also known for its liveries featuring Tokyo Disneyland and Tokyo DisneySea, as it is the official airline of the Tokyo Disney Resort. It sponsors the attraction Star Jets (not related to past Star Jets fleet with the old tsurumaru livery), which feature a variation of the current livery on the ride vehicles. At one time there were more than six widebody aircraft painted with the special liveries.[101]

JAL, whose fleet was entirely made of Boeing 747 aircraft, had painted all of its aircraft with tropical-influenced liveries along with Reso'cha titles.[102] These aircraft are used on charter Flights to holiday destinations in the Pacific,[22] such as Hawaii. Reso'cha is a marketing abbreviation for Resort Charter. Reso'cha aircraft were formerly known as JAL Super Resort Express.

JAL B777-200 JA8984 ITM 20080920-001 - JAL Eco Jet A Boeing 777–200 aircraft in mid air during take-off, with the view of Itami Airport in the background

In April 2007, JAL debuted a Boeing 777–300 (JA8941) with a special Oneworld livery to promote the airlines's entry to the global airline alliance.[103] Previously this aircraft carried the Shingo Katori and the Saiyuki television livery.[104] In 2008, JAL repainted a single Boeing 777|Boeing 777–200 to have a green rather than red arc on its tail, along with a green origami airplane on the fuselage, and named it the Eco Jet, to highlight the company's efforts to reduce the environmental impact of commercial aviation.[105] In 2009, JAL repainted JA8941 again, as well as a JTA Boeing 737 Classic|737-400 (JA8933) to promote Kobukuro and their new album Calling as well as a live concert tour in Okinawa and around Japan. This livery was released officially on 30 July 2009.[106][107][108] It has since then been replaced with a special Doraemon livery.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

On 4 September 2010, in conjunction with the Boku no Miteiru Fūkei album, JAL and Arashi (which one of the songs, "Movin' On", is used for a commercial) introduced a new livery featuring the five members of Arashi in the aircraft; the first flight was on the day after on 5 September.[109]

On 3 August 2017, JAL announced a new livery in commemoration of the new Despicable Me: Minion Mayhem ride in Universal Studios Japan.

Branding

Landor Associates created JAL's brand identity in 1989. After Japan Airlines and Japan Air System merged and the Tokyo office of Landor and JAL worked together to create a new brand identity. Landor decided to use the "arc of the sun" image. The 2000s rebranding began in April 2002 and completed in April 2004. The brand identity firm designed 300,000 specific items for JAL.[110] JAL changed its branding again on 1 March 2022, reverting to the original 1959 brand, with slight modifications.[111]

  • Japan Airlines logo (1959-1989) - 1959–1989

  • 1989–2002 (as different design)

  • 2002–2011

Destinations

JAL Hubs.gif|Japan Airlines hubs map Kansai International Airport (1) - JAL terminal lobby at Kansai International Airport

The inside view of an airport terminal building Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote".

Japan Airlines serves 33 international destinations in Asia and the Americas, Europe and Oceania, excluding codeshare agreements. The airline's international hubs are Tokyo's Narita International Airport and Haneda Airport, Osaka's Kansai International Airport and Osaka International Airport in Itami. The airline group also serves 59 domestic destinations within Japan.[112]

In the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009 and the airline introduced or increased services on ten international routes, including between Tokyo|Tokyo (Narita) and New York City, and between Osaka|Osaka (Kansai) and Shanghai; and it ceased operations on four international routes, including between Tokyo (Narita) and Xi'an, and between Osaka (Kansai) and Qingdao. Domestically, JAL suspended 14 routes, including between Sapporo and Okinawa. Additionally and the airline expanded codeshare agreement|codesharing alliance with fellow Oneworld partners like American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific and Finnair, and other airlines, including Air France, China Eastern and Jetstar Airways|Jetstar.[113]

In the early years, Tokyo Narita Airport had been the main hub of international and freight flights. Nowadays, Tokyo Haneda Airport is becoming an international hub because of its close proximity to the Tokyo metropolis, and the heavy expansion occurring there.

Codeshare agreements

Japan Airlines has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[114][115] {{div col|colwidth=17em

{{div col end

Fleet

As of June 2019, Japan Airlines operates a fleet of 168 aircraft.[123][124][125][126]

As the Japanese government plans to add more slots at Tokyo's Haneda Airport by 2020 (in time for the 2020 Summer Olympics), Japan Airlines intends to order more widebodies for growth in 2018 or 2019: it could exercise its 25 options on Airbus A350s on top of its 31 firm orders, due for delivery from 2019, and study others such as the proposed Boeing New Midsize Airplane or the 787-10 to add to its 787-9 with 10 remaining to be delivered.[135] Japan Airlines operates a mixture of narrow-body and wide-body aircraft. The airline provides economy class service on all routes; business class (J) service with larger seats in the cabin front on most major domestic routes; premium economy on some international routes; business class on most long-haul and some short-haul international routes; and First class (aviation) | first class on some long-haul and domestic routes. On 5 December 2017, JAL announced it had invested $10 million in the aircraft manufacturer Boom Supersonic, which is currently developing a new supersonic commercial airliner capable of seating up to 55 passengers. In exchange for its funding, JAL will be able to pre-order up to 20 Boom aircraft.[136]

Cargo

JAL Cargo ended dedicated freighter aircraft operations in October 2010 after more than 30 years of service. It operated both propeller and jet aircraft through the years, most recently Boeing 747-400s (including aircraft converted from passenger to freighter configuration) and Boeing 767-300Fs. Limited cargo activity is now maintained through JAL's passenger aircraft lower deck holds.

Former fleet

Boeing 727-46, Japan Airlines (JAL) JP6839064 - A Boeing 727|Boeing 727-100 at Tokyo's Haneda Airport in 1964 Japanese jal B747 old - JAL Boeing 747|Boeing 747-100BSR/SUD with stretched upper deck in 1987 A Boeing 747-100SR aircraft taxiing on the tarmac Jal.cargo.b747-400.ja8909.arp - JAL Cargo Boeing 747-400BCF just after takeoff from London Heathrow Airport in 2007 Convair CV-880, Japan Airlines (JAL) JP6398327 - A Convair 880 at Los Angeles International Airport in 1964 JA8012 DC-8-53 Japan Air Lines JFK 09JUL70 (5580803202) - A Douglas DC-8|Douglas DC-8-53 in New York in 1970

Japan Airlines has previously used the following aircraft types:[137][138]

Japan Airlines fleet
Aircraft In service Orders Passengers Notes
F J W Y Total
Airbus A350-900 1 17 12 94 — 263 369[127] Tokyo (Haneda) to Fukuoka Airport|Fukuoka.[130]
Airbus A350-1000 — 13[131] TBA
Boeing 737 Next Generation|Boeing 737-800 50 — — 20 — 145 165
— 12 — 132 144
Boeing 767-300 6 — — 42 — 219 261
Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER 29 — 5 42 — 205 252
— 42 — 219 261
— 30 — 207 237
— 30 — 197 227
— 24 — 175 199
Boeing 777-200 12 — 14 82 — 279 375
Boeing 777|Boeing 777-200ER 11 — — 42 40 154 236
— 26 — 286 312
— 56 40 149 245
Boeing 777-300 4 — — 78 — 422 500
Boeing 777-300ER 13 — 8 49 40 147 244
Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-8 25 4[132] — 38 35 88 161
— 30 — 156 186
— 30 — 176 206
Boeing 787 Dreamliner|Boeing 787-9 17 3 — 44 35 116 195
— 52 35 116 203
— 28 21 190 239
Mitsubishi SpaceJet M90 — 32[133] TBA Deliveries scheduled to start at mid-2020s[134]
Total 168 70

Services

Cabin classes

New cabin

JAL First Class Suite 777-300ER - JAL Suite First class (aviation) | First Class A light mocha coloured seat with ottoman, table, and enclosure and four unshaded windows on the left

JAL introduced new international First and Executive Class seats: the JAL Suite for First Class, featured a seat 20 percent roomier than the Skysleeper Solo in a 1-2-1 configuration; and the JAL Shell Flat Neo Seat for Executive Class Seasons, a slightly revised version of the original Shell Flat Seat, with a wider seat; expanded center console; and the world's first in-flight photo art exhibit, Sky Gallery. These seats, along with the Premium Economy seats, debuted on Japan Airlines Flights 5 and 6, operated on the Tokyo–New York route on 1 August 2008. It expanded to the Tokyo–San Francisco route on 13 September 2008, and the Tokyo–Chicago and Los Angeles in 2009.[141] Since 31 October 2010 and the new cabin is also used on Flights from Narita to Jakarta, being the only Asian destination for which the new cabin is used.[142]

In 2013, JAL debuted new versions of its economy and premium economy seats called Sky Premium and Sky Wider Economy respectively. The Sky Premium seats, found on selected 777-300's and soon 787's, feature the same width as the Sky Shell seats but with a 4" larger seat pitch of 42" and a 3" larger recline of up to 10" compared to a 38" pitch and 7" recline on the Sky Shell seats. The Sky Wider Economy seats, found on select 767's and select 777-300's, feature slimmer seats with 4" more legroom, and another inch of width totaling up to 35" of seat pitch, and a 19" width compared to the 31" pitch and 18" width of standard economy seats, plus a larger PTV screen of up to 11". The newer 787's will feature a new version of the Sky Wider seats called Sky Wider II, which will feature 5" more legroom and 2" more width totaling up to 36" of seat pitch and a 20" width in a less dense 2-4-2 setup instead of the 3-3-3 setup commonly used in a 787's economy cabin.[143]

In premium cabins, JAL introduced fully lie-flat seats, branded as Sky Suite in Business Class cabin and enhanced First Suite seats in First Class cabin. The Sky Suite is in a staggered 2-3-2 setup that offer direct aisle access to all business class passengers. These can be found on all 13 of JAL's Boeing 777-300ER aircraft (named SS7), 10 of JAL's 787-8 aircraft (named SS8) and 8 of JAL's 787-9 aircraft (named SS9). Later in 2015, JAL introduced a new version of Sky Suite, called Sky Suite II, in order to fit lie-flat seats on its new international 767-300ER fleet (named SS6), in a 1-2-1 setup. Since the seats are less wide than the original Sky Suite, SS6 aircraft are often seen on shorter international routes, like inter-Asian routes and Hawaiian routes.[144] In 2016, as JAL was upgrading its Boeing 777-200ER fleet used on selected inter-Asian and Hawaiian flights, JAL introduced a third version of Sky Suite, called Sky Suite III, which is a lie-flat reverse-herringbone arranged seat. This seat is equipped on JAL's most Boeing 777-200ER fleet (named SS2) and 5 of JAL's Boeing 787-9 fleet (named SS9 II) in a 1-2-1 setup. Like SS6 aircraft, SS2 and SS9 II aircraft are operating on shorter international routes.[145] All flights equipped with lie-flat J seats may be visited here: for /en/inter/service/rosen/skysuite Sky Suite flights]; for /en/inter/service/rosen/skysuite2 Sky Suite II flights]; for /en/inter/service/rosen/skysuite3 Sky Suite III flights].

International services

JAL Executive Class Seasons - JAL Business class|Executive Class Seasons Shell Flat seat A dark grey coloured seat with red headrest cover, with unshaded windows on the right

The airline's international services with existing cabins feature the fully reclining First class (aviation) | JAL First Class JAL Suite; Business class|JAL Business Class JAL Sky Suite, JAL Sky Suite II, JAL Sky Suite III, JAL Shell Flat NEO, JAL Shell Flat Seat, JAL Skyluxe Seat or JAL Skyrecliner; Premium Economy|JAL Premium Economy JAL Sky Premium or JAL Sky Shell Seat; and Economy Class|JAL Economy Class JAL Economy Class Seat or JAL Sky Wider.[146] The First Class Skysleeper Solo reclines fully and features genuine Upholstery#Fabrics and leathers|leather upholstery from Marco Piccinini#Corporate & Finance|Poltrona Frau of Italy.[147] The Executive Class Seasons Shell Flat Seat is a lie-flat design with the ability to lower armrests to the same height as the seat when reclined.[148] Premium Economy is a recent addition, it was first introduced on the Tokyo–London route on 1 December 2007.[149] It features a shell-shaped seat that allows passengers to recline by sliding their seat forward, without having the seat in front intrude when reclining.[150]

Japan domestic services

On Japan domestic services and the airline offers First Class, Executive Class Class J and Economy Class.[151] The First Class seat is made from premium genuine leather with a Airline seat#Seat width|seat width of about 53|cm|in and a seat pitch of about 130|cm|in|abbr=on}}.[152] Class J features ergonomics|ergonomically designed reclining seats that promote relaxation by allowing passengers to move naturally and maintain a balanced posture.[153] JAL plans to begin refitting its domestic fleet with leather seats and in-flight wireless internet service from May 2014.[154]

In-flight entertainment

MAGIC

File: Japan Airlines 777-200ER Economy cabin - JAL Economy cabin with MAGIC systems Inside view of an aircraft's Economy Class cabin with television on the back of the seats and overhead lockers on the ceiling

MAGIC, JAL's in-flight entertainment system, supported by the JAL Mooove! (formerly Entertainment Network),[155] features the latest hit movies and videos, games and audio programs. There are six generations of the MAGIC system: MAGIC-I, MAGIC-II, MAGIC-III, MAGIC-IV, MAGIC-V and the new MAGIC-VI. Introduced on 1 December 2007 and the MAGIC-III system provides Video on demand|Audio/Video On Demand (AVOD) entertainment to all passengers. The number of movie, music, video and game channels on MAGIC-III was doubled from 57 to 130 by 2008; and it is installed on all seats on Boeing 767|Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777|777-200ER and Boeing 777|777-300ER aircraft.[156] Aircraft with MAGIC-I and MAGIC-II have movies that automatically start when the AVOD system is turned on—once the aircraft reaches cruise level—and economy class passengers can tune in to watch the movie in progress; and all movies restart upon completion. Executive and First Class passengers have full AVOD control. MAGIC systems also have JAL's duty-free shopping catalogue, including flight crew recommendations and a video of specials available on the flight.[157] MAGIC-V will feature mostly the same entertainment as MAGIC-III, but with a touch screen controller, along with a handset. There will be USB ports for iPod connectivity, and an easier to control handset. (introduced on selected Boeing 767-300ER routes). The MAGIC-III system is used on internationally configured Boeing 767-300 with Skyluxe Seat, older internationally configured Boeing 767-300ER with Skyluxe Seat, all Boeing 777-200ER, older Boeing 777-300ER with Skysleeper Solo/Suite first class and Shell Flat Seat/Neo Business class. The MAGIC-IV is used on internationally configured Boeing 737-800s, along with a newer look of Skyluxe Seat. It uses 9-inch touchscreens by Panasonic SFX. The MAGIC-V system is deploying across the fleet, with selected Boeing 767-300ERs (Skyrecliner seat) and B787-8 (Shell Flat Neo seat) getting the IFE. Followed by refurbished Boeing 777-300ERs (all aircraft) and selected Boeing 767-300ER aircraft (including those with Skyluxe seat) will get the MAGIC-V along with new seats in all classes. The MAGIC-VI is installed on selected Boeing 787-8s and 777-300s.[158]

Aircraft cameras

Onboard JAL in-flight nose camera - In-flight nose camera view A television screen with the view of the city from the aircraft's nose camera

On most JAL international flights, on-plane cameras are available, either on the wings and the belly or on the tail. When the aircraft is in the pushback; taxi; takeoff; ascent; descent; stacking; landing; and docking phases of flight, all TV's in the cabin automatically tune into the video camera outside the aircraft to provide "Pilot Vision" to the passengers. However, new entertainment systems do not have them anymore [159]

Additional media

Skyward and the airline group's inflight magazine, reflecting the company motto of "Dream Skyward". Prior to the merger with Japan Air System|JAS, JAL's inflight magazine was called Winds.[160] All of the JAL Group magazines are provided by JALUX.[161]

In a promotion, between 1 June and 31 August 2006, all Executive and First Class passengers would be offered use of Nintendo DS|Nintendo DS Lites specially manufactured for air travel, with the wireless capabilities removed in order to conform with air safety|airline safety standards.[162] JAL Executive Class meal - JAL Executive Class Seasons in-flight meal A picture with a glass of water on the left, a napkin on the top, with two bowls on the far right and three dishes in the center and right, all contained on a serving tray

After a trial run at Handa airport, JAL announced it will offer selected passengers a VR experience using the Samsung Gear VR and the Samsung S8. Passengers will be able to experience specially curated programming on Germany, Argentina and the Nagoya fireworks and more programs at a later date.[163]

In-flight catering

Japan Airlines offers meals on intercontinental routes, depending on the cabin class, destination and flight length. Western cuisine|Western and Japanese cuisine|Japanese menu selections are typically offered, including seasonal menu selections varied by destination.[164][165] The airline has worked with high-profile chefs, including Fumiko Kono, Shinichi Sato, Koji Shimomura, Naoki Uchiyama, Chikara Yamada, Seiji Yamammoto and Hiroki Yoshitake in the creation of its menus and in 2016, launched a children's menu created by Kono, Yamada, Yamammoto, and Yosuke Suga.[166][167]

Sakura Lounge

Narita-sakura-lounge - Sakura Lounge in Narita International Airport Terminal 2 A three-seater couch with two coffee tables in the front and two side tables on both side, all in neutral brown colour

Sakura Lounge, named after the Japanese word for sakura|cherry blossom, is Japan Airlines' signature airline lounge|lounge. In addition and the airline also operates the following international, including First Class Lounge, Sakura Lounge annex and JAL Lounge; and domestic lounges, including Diamond Premier Lounge and JAL Lounge. Access to the lounges depend on the class of travel or the membership status in the JAL Mileage Bank or JAL Global Club.[168][169][170]

Former bus services

Circa the 1990s, JAL previously operated buses from Frankfurt Airport to Düsseldorf to serve clients in that German city,[171] as well as buses from John F. Kennedy Airport in New York City to Fort Lee, New Jersey.[172]

JAL Mileage Bank

JAL Mileage Bank (JMB) is the travel rewards programme of JAL Group, including Japan Airlines, JALways, JAL Express, Japan Transocean Air, Japan Air Commuter, Hokkaido Air System and Ryukyu Air Commuter. The programme's airline partners also include JAL's Oneworld partners, as well as Air France, China Eastern Airlines and Emirates (airline) | Emirates. For the airline's most frequent flyers, JMB offers Fly On Programme, a frequent flyer service status programme; and JAL Global Club (JGC), an exclusive club designed for experienced travelers.[173][174]

The Fly On Programme is the frequent flyer service status programme and is divided into four membership levels, Crystal, Sapphire, JGC Premier and Diamond, based on the member's travel in the last calendar year.

The JAL Global Club is an exclusive club dedicated to catering to JAL Group's most experienced and valuable travelers.

Incidents and accidents

{{main|List of Japan Airlines incidents and accidents

In popular culture

Japan Airlines has been the focus of several television programs in Japan over the years, most being dramas revolving around cabin attendants. Attention Please was a drama in 1970 that followed the story of a young girl who joins JAL to be a cabin attendant while overcoming many difficulties. This show was remade in 2006 again as Attention Please starring Aya Ueto who joins a class of cabin attendant nominees and later graduates. Most of the action of the story of the 2006 series takes place at JAL's Haneda flight operations headquarters. The series has had two specials since the original, marking the main character's transition into JAL's international operations.[175]

During the 1980s, JAL was also the focus of another drama entitled Stewardess Monogatari which featured another young girl during training to be a JAL cabin attendant.[176] During the 1990s, JAL featured several commercials with celebrities, including Janet Jackson who danced and sang to a backdrop of JAL 747s on rotation at Los Angeles International Airport|LAX.[177]

The company's internal processes prior to the crash of Japan Airlines Flight 123 and its reaction to the accident are subject of the book Shizumanu Taiyō and the 2009 Japanese movie Shizumanu Taiyō|of the same name, albeit the company being fictionalized as National Airlines.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

A 777-300ER of Japan Airlines was depicted in the anime film K-On! when the main characters were on their trip from Tokyo to London.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Cabin Attendant revolved around a JAL flight attendant who was accused of murder in New York.{{citation needed|date=February 2019

See also

Script error: No such module "Portal".

  • Transport in Japan#Air|Air transport in Japan
  • List of airports in Japan
  • List of companies of Japan
  • Transport in Japan{{clear

References

{{Reflist

External links

{{Sister project links|wikt=no|b=no|q=no|s=no|v=no|species=no

Template:JAL Group Template:Airlines of Japan Script error: No such module "navboxes". Script error: No such module "Navbox". Script error: No such module "Navbox". IATA membersScript error: No such module "navboxes".Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted Template:TOPIX 100

Template:Good article

Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permittedLua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted

Category:1951 establishments in Japan Category:Japan Airlines| Category:IATA members Category:Airline companies based in Tokyo Category:Japanese brands Category:Airlines established in 1951 Category:WOW Alliance Category:Association of Asia Pacific Airlines Category:Companies that have filed for bankruptcy in Japan Category:Companies formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange

Japan Airlines historical fleet
Aircraft Introduced Retired Notes
Airbus A300-600R 2006 2011 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
Beechcraft H18[139] 1969 Unknown Used for pilot training[140]
Boeing 727-100 1965 1988
Boeing 737-400 1995 2003
Boeing 747-100 1970 2002 Launch client
Boeing 747-100SF 1977 1992 Operated by JAL Cargo
Boeing 747SR-100 1973 2005 Launch client.
Boeing 747SR-100/SUD 1986 2006
Boeing 747-200B 1971 2007
Boeing 747-200F 1991 2008 Operated by JAL Cargo
Boeing 747-200SF 1974 2007 Operated by JAL Cargo
Boeing 747-300 1986 2009
Boeing 747-400 1990 2011
Boeing 747-400D 1991 2011 Launch client
Boeing 767-200 1985 2011
Boeing 767-300ERF 2007 2010 Operated by JAL Cargo
Convair 880 1961 1971
Dassault Falcon 20Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Unknown Unknown
Douglas DC-3 1951 1951 Operated invitational flights for three days in August 1951, prior to the airline inaugurating scheduled flights in October
Douglas DC-4 1952 1964
Douglas DC-6B 1954 1969 Operated the airline's inaugural international flight
Some converted from passenger- to cargo configuration
Douglas DC-7C 1958 1965 Some converted from passenger- to cargo configuration
Douglas DC-8-30 1960 1975
Douglas DC-8-50 1962 1982
Douglas DC-8-60 1968 1988
Douglas DC-8-60F 1968 1988
Martin 2-0-2 1951 Unknown Operated the airline's inaugural scheduled flight
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40 1976 2005
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 1993 2004
McDonnell Douglas MD-81 2006 2010 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
McDonnell Douglas MD-87 2006 2008 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30 2006 2013 Taken over from merged Japan Air System
NAMC YS-11 1969 1970 Two aircraft used for a year, one for passenger and one for postal flights
  1. ↑ {{cite web Japan Airlines Co Ltd company : Shareholders, managers and business summary Web: |accessdate=2016-10-25}}
  2. ↑ Japan Airlines Annual report 2016]
  3. ↑ Template:Cite news Breaking News - Money
  4. ↑ Executive Officers Corporate Information, Japan Airlines
  5. ↑ Template:Cite book
  6. ↑ Japanese: 日本航空株式会社法 (Nihon Kōkū Kabushiki-gaisha Hō)
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Template:Cite web History of JAL 1951–1960 Web:
  8. ↑ Template:Cite news Rising Sunday and Air Web:
  9. ↑ {{Cite news News from Japan Web: |format=PDF|page=341|work=Flight|publisher=Reed Business Information|date=1953-03-13|accessdate=2009-09-07}}
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Template:Cite news Japanese Plans Announced Web:
  11. ↑ - 1953 timetable scan]
  12. ↑ Template:Cite news Brevities Web:
  13. ↑ Template:Cite news JAL celebrates 50 years of international flights Web:
  14. ↑ {{cite press release Schedule September 1, 2009 October 24, 2009 North America, Latin America, America, Canada, Mexico and Brazil |format=PDF |publisher=Japan Airlines |accessdate=2009-09-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://eb.archive.org/web/20091007104921/http://www.jal.co.jp/inter/time/pdf/america0901_1024.pdf |archivedate= 7 October 2009 |df= }}
  15. ↑ {{cite web JAL - Japan Air Lines|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}
  16. ↑ - 1955 timetable]
  17. ↑ - 1958 timetable]
  18. ↑ {{cite web JAL - Japan Air Lines|publisher=|accessdate=24 April 2015}}
  19. ↑ Template:Cite news 国内初のジェット機展示へ 日航「富士号」、羽田の見学施設に Web:
  20. ↑ - December 1961 timetable scan]
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Template:Cite web History of JAL 1961–1970 Web:
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 {{cite web Japan Airlines Company, Ltd. Web: |publisher=fundinguniverse.com|accessdate=2009-09-06}}
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 Template:Cite news World Airline Survey Web:
  24. ↑ {{Cite news JAL in talks to strengthen ties with American Airlines Web: |agency=Kyodo News|date=2009-09-13|accessdate=2009-09-13}} date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
  25. ↑ {{Cite news RTTNews – Japan Airlines In Talks With American Air As Delta Negotiations Continue – Reports Web: &Category=Quick%20Facts|publisher=RTT News|date=2009-09-13|accessdate=2009-09-24}}
  26. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  27. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  28. ↑ Template:Cite news BA in talks with JAL to stay in Oneworld Web:
  29. ↑ Template:Cite news American Air CEO Sees 'Tepid" Growth, On 3Q Loss Web:
  30. ↑ {{cite news American Airlines chief urges JAL not to fly the Oneworld coop Web: |archive-url=https://e.is/20120730163948/http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/bus/stories/111009dnbusaajapan.3d787ef.html%7Cdead-url=yes%7Carchive-date=2012-07-30%7Cnewspaper=Dallas News|date=2009-11-09|accessdate=2009-11-09}}
  31. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  32. ↑ Template:Cite news JAL, Delta seen forming business ties HTTPS://WWW.Wsianewsnet.net/home/news.php?sec=2&id=9385
  33. ↑ {{Cite news Japan Airlines In Talks With American Air As Delta Negotiations Continue – Reports Web: &Category=Quick%20Facts|work=Wall Street Journal|date=2009-09-13|accessdate=2011-01-03}}
  34. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  35. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  36. ↑ Template:Cite news JAL dumps AA, defects to Delta, SkyTeam Web:
  37. ↑ Template:Cite news JAL to Decide on Partner Soon Web:
  38. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  39. ↑ {{cite press releaseJapan Airlines and American Airlines Strengthen Partnership and Apply for Approval of Antitrust Immunity Web: |publisher=Japan Airlines|date=2010-02-09|accessdate=2010-02-09}}
  40. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  41. ↑ {{cite news Japan Airlines plans to relist shares in Tokyo|publisher=BBC|date=6 January 2012}}
  42. ↑ [https://flights.ehalal.io Japan Airlines and American Airlines Announce Joint Business Benefits for Trans-Pacific Consumers – Yahoo! Finance] Template:Webarchive Web: nance.yahoo.com/news/Japan-Airlines-and-American-prnews-3073755183.html?x=0&.v=1 17 January 2011
  43. ↑ [1] Template:Webarchive Web: ahi.com/business/update/0701/TKY201107010166 7 July 2011
  44. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  45. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  46. ↑ Template:Cite web JALグループ情報
  47. ↑ 76.0 76.1 Template:Cite web Annual Report 2009 Web:
  48. ↑ Template:Cite web Corporate Profile Web:
  49. ↑ Template:Cite web Our business Web:
  50. ↑ Template:Cite web Re: Notice of Convening of 2nd Annual General Meeting of Shareholders Web:
  51. ↑ Template:Cite press release The termination of Large & Heavy service using WOW network Web:
  52. ↑ Template:Cite web Annual Report 2009 Web:
  53. ↑ " Announcement of Change in Trade Name]." Japan Airlines. 28 March 2022. Retrieved on 28 March 2022.
  54. ↑ " 商号変更のお知らせ]." Japan Airlines. 28 March 2022. Retrieved on 28 March 2022.
  55. ↑ 84.0 84.1 "JAL SELL TOKYO H.Q. BUILDING TO NOMURA REAL ESTATE." Japan Airlines. 2004. Retrieved on 6 December 2011.
  56. ↑ " Corporate Profile]." JALPAK. Retrieved on 6 December 2011. "Head Office Nomurafudousan Tennouzu Bldg., 2-4-11 Higashishinagawa Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan 140-8658"
  57. ↑ " Contact Us Template:Webarchive Web: alcon.com/e/contactus 26 January 2013." JAL Aero-Consulting. Retrieved on 6 December 2011. "Nomura Fudosan Tennozu Building 18F 2-4-11 Higashi Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo" – Map Template:Webarchive Web: alcon.com/e/img/aboutus/e-map.gif 26 April 2012
  58. ↑ "[HTTPS://WWW.Wlivila.co.jp/en/profile/ Hotel profile Template:Webarchive Web: a.co.jp/en/profile/ 2 January 2012." Hotel Nikko Alivila. Retrieved on 6 December 2011. "JAL Hotels Co., Ltd." and "2-4-11 Higashi Shinagawa, Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo, Japan 140-0002 (JAL Bldg. 13F)"
  59. ↑ "Client Service Template:Webarchive Web: anairlines.jp/intl/jp/clientService en/clientService.jsp 1 January 2012." [https://flights.ehalal.io American Airlines Japan. Retrieved on 6 December 2011. "American Airlines Japan Office - 2-4-11, Higashi-Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 140-0002"
  60. ↑ " 1951–1960]." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on 6 December 2011.
  61. ↑ " Full-Member of The Investment Trusts Association, Japan]." The Investment Trusts Association, Japan. Retrieved on 6 December 2011. "(Tokyo Building) 7–3, Marunouchi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo "
  62. ↑ " Descent into [https://flights.ehalal.io Japan Airlines Bankruptcy." Yomiuri Shimbun. Sunday 4 January 2010. Retrieved on 6 December 2011.
  63. ↑ " JAL 1991–2000]." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on 6 December 2011.
  64. ↑ " History of JAL 2001–2004]." Japan Airlines. Retrieved on 6 December 2011.
  65. ↑ " History of JAL 2001–2004]." (Japanese) Japan Airlines. Retrieved on 14 December 2011. "日本航空システム(本社：東京都港区港南2-15-1"
  66. ↑ " Corporate Profile." JALUX. 21 March 2006. Retrieved on 6 December 2011. "Head Office JAL Building, 2-4-11 Higashi Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo"
  67. ↑ " Notice of Office Relocation]." Jalux. Retrieved on 6 December 2011.
  68. ↑ Template:Cite book
  69. ↑ Template:Cite press release The New JAL Group Launches a New Look for the 21st Century THE ARC OF THE SUN Web:
  70. ↑ Template:Cite web Annual Report 1999 Web:
  71. ↑ " JALグループの新しいロゴマークの採用について]." Japan Airlines. 2011-01-19. Access date 2011-01-19.
  72. ↑ Template:Cite web JALで行く東京ディズニーリゾー ト Web:
  73. ↑ Template:Cite web Reso'cha (JAL Aircraft Collection) Web:
  74. ↑ Template:Cite press release First JAL aircraft with special oneworld livery makes debut flight
  75. ↑ Template:Cite web Pictures of JA8941 HTTPS://WWW.Wirliners.net/search/photo.search?regsearch=JA8941&distinct entry=true
  76. ↑ Template:Cite press release JAL Eco Jet to Raise Awareness of Global Environment Web:
  77. ↑ Template:Cite web JAL × Kobukuro Collaboration
  78. ↑ Template:Cite press release 「ＪＡＬ×コブクロ・ジェット」のデザインを決定し運航開始！JALマイレージバンク ＪＡＬ×KOBUKUROカードも誕生！ Web:
  79. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  80. ↑ Template:Cite press release 特別塗装機「JAL 嵐JET」が就航！ Web:
  81. ↑ Template:Cite book
  82. ↑ " JAL Group Re-establishes Identity with Corporate Policy and Logo Change." Japan Airlines. 19 January 2011. Retrieved on 19 January 2011.
  83. ↑ Template:Cite web Company Profile – Flight Web:
  84. ↑ Template:Cite web Annual Report 2009 Web:
  85. ↑ {{cite web Profile on Japan Airlines |website=CAPA|publisher=Centre for Aviation|access-date=2016-10-29|archive-url=https://eb.archive.org/web/20161029180418/http://centreforaviation.com/profiles/airlines/japan-airlines-jl |archive-date=2016-10-29|dead-url=no}}
  86. ↑ Template:Cite web For a CodeShare Flight
  87. ↑ http://press.jal.co.jp/en/release/201710/004453.html
  88. ↑ https://ei.com/Business/Companies/Garuda-expands-US-routes-with-Japan-Airlines-code-share-deal
  89. ↑ {{cite press release Japan Airlines Announces Freighter Codeshare Agreement with Kalitta Air|website=Japan Airlines|date=1 August 2019}}
  90. ↑ {{cite web JAL - Japan Airlines resumes cargo ops through a codeshare|website=Ch-Aviation|date=7 August 2019}}
  91. ↑ {{cite newsAirline Routes|work= Air Transport World|date= 30 June 2014 Web: |archiveurl= Web: atwonline.com/airports-routes/airline-routes-25|archivedate= 30 June 2014|quote= Japan Airlines and Qatar-Airways, both members of oneworld, began codesharing on Qatar operated flights between Doha and Tokyo Haneda. This is in addition to JAL’s codeshare on Qatar flights between Tokyo Narita and Doha, as well as between Osaka KIX and Doha from last December. 3.
  92. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  93. ↑ Template:Cite news JAL / Vietjet Air plans codeshare service from late-Oct 2018
  94. ↑ {{Cite web Japan Airlines Fleet Details and History|website=www.planespotters.net|language=en|access-date=2018-07-03}}
  95. ↑ Template:Cite web World Airliner Census 2017
  96. ↑ Template:Cite web Domestic aircraft and seat configurations
  97. ↑ Template:Cite web International aircraft and seat configurations
  98. ↑ {{Cite web AirbusA350-900 (359) / Aircrafts [sic] and seats|website=www.jal.co.jp|access-date=2019-05-17}}
  99. ↑ {{cite press release Airbus and Japan Airlines sign their first ever order|publisher=Japan Airlines|date=7 October 2013}}
  100. ↑ {{cite web Japan Airlines to start A350-900 ops in late 3QQ9|publisher=Ch-Aviation|date=26 January 2019}}
  101. ↑ Template:Cite press release JAL to Start Operating Airbus A350-900 on September 1, 2019
  102. ↑ Template:Cite press release HTTPS://WWW.Wirbus.com/aircraft/market/orders-deliveries Airbus Orders and Deliveries
  103. ↑ {{cite press release Boeing, Japan Airlines Announce Order for Four 787-8 Dreamliners|publisher=Boeing Mediaroom|date=20 September 2017|accessdate=20 September 2017}}
  104. ↑ {{Cite web Airline Insight: Japan Airlines|website=www.blueswandaily.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-25}}
  105. ↑ Template:Cite web Mitsubishi delays MRJ deliveries by two years
  106. ↑ {{cite news Japan Airlines Considers Fleet-Plan Options 6 November 2017 |author= Adrian Schofield |work= Aviation Week Network}}
  107. ↑ https://ersonic-flight-atlantic-half-time/
  108. ↑ Template:Cite web History of Aircraft
  109. ↑ {{cite web Japan Airlines Fleet Details and History|website=Planespotters.net|date=1 December 2017 |access-date=7 December 2017}}
  110. ↑ {{cite web World Airline Directory – Japan Air Lines Web: |format=PDF|work=Flight International|publisher=Reed Business Information|page=490|date=1975-03-20|accessdate=2009-09-06}}
  111. ↑ Template:Cite book
  112. ↑ Template:Cite press release JAL To Introduce State-of-the Art First Class Suite & Business Class Seat Web:
  113. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  114. ↑ Template:Cite web JAL Do It Again And Buck The Trend With Their 787
  115. ↑ Template:Cite web Seats (JAL Business Class) - JAL International Flights
  116. ↑ Template:Cite press release JAL to Upgrade Business Class Seat on Its International Boeing 777-200ER
  117. ↑ Template:Cite web In-Flight Service – International Web:
  118. ↑ {{cite web JAL Skysleeper Solo |publisher=Japan Airlines |accessdate=2009-08-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://eb.archive.org/web/20090904172752/http://www.jal.co.jp/en/inflight/inter/first/f_seat/index1 |archivedate= 4 September 2009 |df= }}
  119. ↑ Template:Cite web JAL Shell Flat Seat Web:
  120. ↑ Template:Cite press release JAL Starts Introducing Premium Economy Class on International Routes Web:
  121. ↑ Template:Cite web JAL Sky Shell Seat Web:
  122. ↑ Template:Cite web In-Flight Service – Domestic Web:
  123. ↑ Template:Cite web First Class – Outline of Seats Web:
  124. ↑ Template:Cite web Class J – Seat Description Web:
  125. ↑ Template:Cite news 日航、国内線全席革張りシートに 14年５月から Web:
  126. ↑ {{cite press release JAL Group Renews In-flight Entertainment, Names it [New SkyEntertainment JAL Mooove!] Web: |publisher=Japan Airlines|date=2013-04-23|accessdate=2017-10-05}}
  127. ↑ Template:Cite press release JAL Doubles MAGIC III Inflight Entertainment Programming Web:
  128. ↑ Template:Cite web International In-Flight Services – Entertainment Web:
  129. ↑ {{cite web Japan Airlines Upgrades Boeing 787-8 Interior Web: |accessdate=4 February 2017|date=12 November 2014}}
  130. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  131. ↑ Template:Cite press release New In-flight Magazine for the JAL Group SKYWARD to debut in April 2003 Web:
  132. ↑ Template:Cite web Corporate Profile – Our Business Web:
  133. ↑ {{Cite news Japan Airlines to offer Nintendo DS Lite in-flight Web: |publisher=Newlaunches.com|date=2006-06-09|accessdate=2009-09-05}}
  134. ↑ http://luxurylaunches.com/travel/japan-airlines-is-trying-out-immersive-virtual-reality-headsets.php
  135. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  136. ↑ Template:Cite web JAL Improves Meal Service in Business Class HTTPS://WWW.Wsiatraveltips.com/news05/268-BusinessClass.shtml
  137. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  138. ↑ Lua error: Cannot create process: proc_open(/dev/null): Failed to open stream: Operation not permitted
  139. ↑ Template:Cite web "Stewardess monogatari" (1983) Web:
  140. ↑ Template:Cite news Found In Translation: American Popstars in Japanese Ads Web:
Retrieved from "https://ehalal.io/wikis/index.php?title=Japan_Airlines&oldid=9653257"