Bergen

From Halal Explorer

This Muslim Friendly Travel Guide is part of eHalal.io Travel Group File:Brygge Norway 2005-08-18 - Old harbour and downtown

Bergen in the morning in june - View from Mount Fløyen

Bergen is the second largest city in Norway the most popular gateway to the fjords of West Norway. The city is famous for its great location amidst mountains, fjords and the ocean. Steep mountains and highlands within the city offers excellent hiking opportunities. Having fostered many of Norway's greatest bands and artists and the city is also famous for its cultural life and underground/indie music scene. Bergen's unpredictable weather adds to its quirky, unmistakable charm. Bergen was Norway's main city for centuries and many patriotic inhabitants believe it still is.

Contents

Bergen Halal Travel Guide

The character of Bergen is defined by its the location among steep mountains and surrounded by sea (straits and fjords). The city itself has many lakes. It is a typical Norwegian wooden town, even downtown there are notable neighborhoods of small wooden houses in various styles. In some areas wooden houses have been replaced by taller masonry structures giving the city fascinating mix of old and new.

Cityscape

Bergen has some fine examples of functionalist architecture such as Kalmar House and Sundt Shopping Centre. "Brutalist" buildings include the science building at the university and the city hall.

Bergen in Nøstet - panoramio - Narrow alleys (smug) with small wooden houses is one of Bergen's trademarks.

Bergen grew organically from the small port and trading post at Bryggen from around year 1000. Because of frequent fires only some masonry buildings (notably Mariakirken and Håkonshallen) remain from the middle ages. But the downtown has retained many aspects of its ancient layout. Notable are the many wide streets or open spaces, called allmenning (commons), perpendicular to Vågen (the inner harbour). These allmennings often rise steeply from the waterfront. Torgallmenningen is not open to cars and defines the modern downtown. Ordinary streets in the medieval town were often long and more narrow and ran parallel to the waterfront. Narrow and short streets, smug (alley), run among houses packed close together. Alleys are too narrow for cars and some are so steep that there are stairs.

History

Founded around 1070 AD, Bergen quickly evolved into one of the most important city's in Norway. It was the nation's administrative capital from the early 1200s until 1299 and the largest city in Scandinavia. Bergen was one of the most important bureau city's of the Hanseatic League, interconnecting continental Europe with the northern and coastal parts of Norway, thus becoming a central spot for the vending of stockfish and the commercial hub of Norway. It was the largest city in Norway until the 1830s and has a long maritime history in shipping and finance. Until the Bergen railway (Bergensbanen) began operation in 1909 there was no convenient overland transport between Norway's principal city's.

The city still has relics of its Hanseatic heyday, most notably the old harbour of Bryggen, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bergen has been ravaged by several fires; the most recent major fire took place in 1917, a fire which destroyed most of the buildings in what is today the central parts of the town center, centered around the large square Torgallmenningen.

While few medieval buildings remain and the historical centre of Bergen is along the eastern shore of the harbour, notably Bryggen (the Wharf) and the fortress and the two key churches (Mariakirken/St Marys and Korskirken/Holy cross church). The pattern of settlement is largely unchanged for almost 1,000 years, including Øvregaten/Lille Øvregate − one of Norway's oldest streets.

What is the Geography of Bergen

Houses in Bergen Norway 2009 2 - White wooden houses, one of Bergen's trademarks

Bergen is located in the far west in Norway, sheltered from the North Sea only by a number of islands. It is located along latitude 60 degrees north, on the same latitude as Oslo, Stockholm, Helsinki, Saint Petersburg and Anchorage. The city is the most hilly and mountainous in Norway. The town center is surrounded by a group of mountains and peaks known as the Seven Mountains. This has given the city its name (berg is an old Norse word for mountain). The geographic conditions of the city are very visible; limited space to build on made it necessary in the 19th century that new city blocks be built on the steep slopes of mount Fløyen

Except for the dense town center, which made up the entire city before 1916, Bergen is the least dense of the four largest city's in Norway. Most of the settlement inside the very wide city borders is concentrated in the Western part of the municipality. The rest of the municipality is made up of mountains, as well as some farmland and smaller settlements. Except for the compact downtown, distances are relatively long within the municipality of Bergen.

Weather in Bergen

Due to the city's northern location, close to the northern sea and surrounded by mountains, special weather conditions occur, resulting in roughly 240 days with precipitation a year and a mean temperature of 7.6 °C (45.7 °F). In January 2007, a record of 85 rainy days in a row was set. Still, local people claim there is no such thing as bad weather, only bad clothing. An annual mean at close to 8 °C, with even January on average above 0 °C, makes Bergen the warmest city in Norway. Frost just below 0°C and some snow occurs between December and February, but temperatures colder than -10 °C are very rare. Temperatures above 30 °C are also extremely rare.

For the rest of us and the trick is obviously to choose the time of visit with caution. The infamous rain should not keep visitors away in summer, because when the sun breaks through after a rainy day, hardly any city twinkles and glows like Bergen. If you catch the city on a sunny day, you will find an incredible atmosphere as citizens really know how to appreciate nice weather. City planners have probably had this in mind the latest years, resulting in the creation of open spaces, parks, flowers and lawns that are scattered all over downtown.

July has the highest mean temperature, 14.3 °C (57.7 °F), with August, 14.1 °C (57.4 °F) following close behind. May is the month with the least precipitation. Considering the number of local events this month, May is probably the best time to visit Bergen, with the summer months of June, July and August almost as good. April is also a relatively dry month, although cooler than the summer months. These averages are merely indications as weather is well knownly unpredictable and rain does not appear in any regular pattern.

Culture & Tradition of Bergen

Grieghallen - Grieghallen - the home of the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra.

Bergen is one of the most important cultural centers in Norway. The city is the home of the Bergen International Festival, Nattjazz and Bergenfest, festivals of international renown within their genres. The local symphony orchestra, Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra, was founded in 1786. It is one of the world's oldest orchestral institutions. Bergen was the home of Norway's great composer, Edvard Grieg. Henrik Ibsen and the famous playwright, started his career in Bergen as manager of Den Nationale Scene.

Around 2000, a number of artists from the rhythmic music scene in Bergen gained international fame. In the domestic press, this became known as the Bergen Wave. Musicians and bands with roots in Bergen include Annie, Burzum, Enslaved, Gorgoroth, Immortal, Erlend Øye, Kings of Convenience, Röyksopp, Sondre Lerche and Datarock. Bergen still has a thriving underground/indie music scene.

Great international artists have visited Bergen, including Bob Dylan, The Rolling Stones, Metallica, Iron Maiden, Foo Fighters, Coldplay, Muse, Bruce Springsteen, Depeche Mode, Kent and Mark Knopfler. And in the summer of 2011 several artists including Roxette, Mastodon, Avenged Sevenfold, Suzanne Vega, Bob Dylan, Kaizers Orchestra, Kanye West and Rihanna appeared.

Research and education

Bergen is home to important institutions of research and education: The University of Bergen and the College of Applied Sciences and the Norwegian School of Economics. Even before these institutions were created important work were done in Bergen. Armauer Hansen in 1873 discovered that leprosy was caused by a bacteria, a major breakthrough in medical sciences that laid the foundation for modern epidemiology and was also a major input to microbiology. Fridtjof Nansen and the great explorer, humanitarian and diplomat, made his first contribution to the novel science of neuroanatomy when he worked at Bergen Museum. Vilhelm Bjerknes and the Bergen school of Meteorology developed the basis for modern weather forecasting.

Travel to Bergen

Fly to Bergen

  • Bergen Airport Flesland IATA Flight Code: BGO 60.293611,5.218061 19 km south of the city - Bergen Airport, Flesland =New Bergen Airport Flesland with old terminal in the background - The main international airports with Flights to Bergen are Copenhagen, London and Amsterdam. There are also Flights from the United Kingdom (such as Newcastle, Edinburgh and Aberdeen); Prague, Paris, Berlin, Frankfurt, various city's in Spain and some other airports. There are also a number of domestic flights, such as Oslo, Trondheim, Stavanger, Tromsø, Kristiansand and Sandefjord, connecting Bergen to additional international airports. A plane ticket from the capital Oslo to Bergen costs around kr 300-400. The main carriers in Norway are SAS and the low cost airline Norwegian Air Shuttle. The Dutch KLM-Airline has Flights to Amsterdam, Lufthansa to Frankfurt. The smallest airports in Norway are served by Widerøe. A new spacious terminal replaced the old in 2017 with more services and airside facilities.


Flybussen departs from right outside the terminal building. Flybussen makes frequent stops, including at Bryggen and the Fisketorget and the bus terminal. The journey downtown takes about 30–40 minutes. Adult tickets are kr 120, return ticket kr 170 (discounts for children, students and senior citizens apply). Buy your ticket via eHalal Travel Group before boarding to save kr 10, either online, from a machine or from a ticket vendor. However, tickets can easily be bought on the bus, with either cash or cards. Busses run frequently throughout the day. There is a machine next to luggage collection in arrivals and at the bus stop at the airport - so buy your ticket while you are waiting for your luggage.

Bergen Airport light railway station - Bergen Light Rail station at the airport terminal.

The Bergen Light Rail has its southern terminus at the airport and the station is in the basement outdoor. Thit is the cheapest option for travelling downtown since it charges the regular public transport fares (kr 37 for an adult single ticket, kr 19 for children and seniors). The light rail runs very frequently, from 05:00 to past 00:00, with up to 12 departures an hour, but it is a stopping service and takes 45 minutes to its final stop at Byparken. The other public transit line is the 23 bus which runs to the Western neighborhoods of Søreide and Loddefjord. The 23 runs only in the morning and evening rush hours Mondays to Fridays.

Taxis are also available but they cost much more (kr 300-350 on weekdays to downtown, more at night and at the weekend).

The automobile rental services Avis, Budget, Hertz, Europcar and National have offices at the airport. Located in the terminal building, by the exit, most of them are open 07:00-21:00 on weekdays. Opening hours in the weekend are limited, but some of the companies will offer 24 hours rental if you make a reservation.

Travel by train to Bergen

Bergensbanen2 - Bergen line runs through high mountains

 Bergen is served by a railway line which runs from Oslo through Hønefoss. Bergen is the last station and there is only one station in the city (in addition one station in Arna suburb). The railway line is operated by NSB. The journey takes about 7 hours and gives you stunning vistas, especially for the last 3 hours across the plateau and down towards Voss and Bergen. When passing Geilo, you will cross over a high mountain plateau and then travel downwards through some of the best scenery in Norway. If you buy your ticket online well in advance, fares may be as low as kr 199 for a one-way ticket. For an additional fee of kr 90, you may upgrade your ticket to NSB Komfort and the equivalent of first class, with slightly better seats and free coffee and tea. If you want to make more out of your journey, get a window seat on one of the most recent upgraded trains (they're quite stylish and have power outlets by every seat) on the left hand side (this will give you the best view).

The ticket office is only open limited hours - outside of which you must use the ticket machines. Not that travel tickets booked via an agent (including Norway in a Nutshell) must be collected from the ticket office. There is a small deli that sells Coffee, Snacks and some supermarket items open early and late. There is a small cafe with limited opening hours (closed before 17:00 most days).

Universal access is a priority to the Norwegian State Railways. Book your ticket on the phone or buy it at the train station at least a day in advance to inform staff if you have any special needs. You will have the same offers as are available online. Most trains are equipped with lifts or ramps and handicap toilets. Wheelchairs can be secured on board. For the seeing impaired and there are tactile lines in the larger stations. Staff will assist you in the station. If you need an assistant and can provide documentation, you and your traveling companion will get a 50% discount off the full ticket price. Bergen station GPS 60.390351,5.333221 (IATA Flight Code: QFV) is located east of the downtown at Strømgaten 4, close to the bus station and the Bygarasjen garage.

How to travel to Bergen by car

For more details see: Driving in Norway

If arriving in Bergen by car, you will be better off not taking your vehicle into the town center unless you know exactly where you're going, as most streets are one-way or do not allow cars at all (only buses and taxis), read more in the #By_car_2|Get around section. Parking is generally forbidden (unless explicitly permitted) downtown inside zone 1 and restricted outside zone 1.

Generally, you will find that many roads in rural areas, even the highways between the city's, are partly narrow and slow. There are no motorways except a few kilometers around the town, most primary streets (E16, road 7) are two-lane undivided and limited to 80 km/h|0|abbr=on. Even if some people drive very fast, you should mind the speed limits (usually 80 km/h) and drive according to the conditions. In the mountains, help can be hours away. Furthermore, you will find traffic controls and police in unmarked cars nearly everywhere. Fines are very high. To avoid dangerous situations, it's a very good idea stop and let faster going traffic pass you. Except in and around Bergen, traffic is generally very light, although there may be some traffic on road 7 during summer vacation and around weekends.

Road E16 from Oslo and Voss makes a circle from Arna through Aasane where it joins E39 on a motorway to the centre (northern approach). At Sandviken the wide road continues through a long tunnel towards the southern city in order to avoid the centre, while those heading for the centre can either exit at Sandviken or just after the tunnel. The southern approach (E39) comes from the Halhjem ferry dock at Os and arrives downtown just before the long tunnel. Find a good parking and use legs or public transport inside the centre.

From Oslo and Eastern Norway

The trip from Oslo to Bergen takes between seven and nine hours, depending on the route and the driving conditions and whether you choose to make any stops on the way. Be prepared to add some hours driving time in the winter - and remember that the daylight will be scarce for many months. All routes Oslo to Bergen run through mountain passes. It might be a good idea to use two days on the tour in the winter if you're not accustomed to these conditions. A 12- or even 14-hour drive on icy, dark roads in bad weather is not very nice. Keep in mind that many roads in Norway are often of narrow and slow due to relatively low traffic and difficult weather conditions.