Ethiopia

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Ethiopia (Amharic phrasebook|Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ ʾĪtyōp yā) is the second-most populous country in Africa (after Nigeria) and is Africa's oldest independent country and the only one never to be colonized, save for a short Italian occupation in the 1930s and 1940s.

Located in the Horn of Africa region, it is bordered by Eritrea to the north (which seceded from Ethiopia in 1991 after a long and bloody war of independence), Djibouti to the northeast, Somaliland and Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, and Sudan and South Sudan to the West.

Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa and the second-oldest official Christian nation in the world after Armenia. Ethiopia is also the place of the first Hijra (615 CE) in Islamic history where the Christian king of Ethiopia offered refuge to those fleeing from Mecca and sent by the prophet Mohamed (PBUH).

Regions of Ethiopia

Central Ethiopia The area traditionally known as Shewa, centred around the national capital of Addis Ababa

Northern Ethiopia The historic heartland of the nation, with highlands landscape and a cultural history very different from stereotypical Africa

Eastern Ethiopia Predominantly Muslim areas, including the holy city of Harar

Southern Ethiopia The diverse regions of the Rift Valley, with more typical East African savannah, lakes, and minority groups

Western Ethiopia The least travelled area of the nation, containing several ethnic groups

Cities in Ethiopia

• Addis Ababa GPS: 9.03,38.74 (Finfinne) — capital of Ethiopia and one of the biggest shopping cities in Africa
• Adama GPS: 8.55,39.27 (commonly called Nazret or Nazareth) — popular weekend destination near Addis
• Axum GPS: 14.13,38.72 (Aksum) — home of ancient tombs and stelae fields, in the far north
• Bahir Dar GPS: 11.59,37.39 — monasteries on the islands of Lake Tana and the beautiful Blue Nile Falls nearby
• Dire Dawa GPS: 9.58,41.87 — the second largest city; in the east
• Gondar GPS: 12.60,37.47 — some of East Africa's only castles
• Harar GPS: 9.31,42.13 — ancient walled city near Dire Dawa
• Lalibela GPS: 12.03,39.04 — home to 11 astonishing rock-hewn churches
• Mekele GPS: 13.48,39.47 — a town in the Tigrayan Highlands in the north

More Destinations in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is ranked with African countries the likes of Kenya, South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia for preserving and maintaining its national parks as Safaris|tourist attractions. The southern and south-western parts of the nation are home to stunning natural beauty with a huge potential for tourism. The northern parts features cultural and Religion and spirituality|religious attractions.

• Abijatta Shalla Lakes National Park GPS: 7.5,38.5
• Awash National Park GPS: 9.33,40.33
• Mago National Park GPS: 5.62,36.26
• Omo National Park GPS: 6.0,35.83
• Rift Valley lakes — seven lakes that are a popular weekend getaway for Addis residents, great for birding, water sports or relaxing at the luxury resorts
• Simien National Park GPS: 13.18,38.06
• Sodere GPS: 8.40,39.38 — spa town due to thermal spas (Muslim Friendly) (filwoha)
• Konso GPS: 5.34,37.44 and other Omo Valley tribes
• Rock-hewn churches of Gheralta mountains GPS: 13.92,39.37 (near Hawzien) — tens of churches you can hiking|hike to
• Danakil Depression GPS: 14,40.5 — a salt desert with several volcanoes including the active Erta Ale and the colorful Dallol

Ethiopia Halal Explorer

History of Ethiopia

Ethiopia is one of the oldest independent nations in the world, and one of the world's oldest Christian states (rivalling only Armenia in this regard). It has long been an intersection between the civilizations of North Africa and the Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa. Uniquely among African countries, Ethiopia was never colonized, maintaining its independence throughout the Scramble for Africa onward, except for five years (1936–41) when it was under Italian military occupation. During this period and the Italians occupied only a few key cities and major routes, and faced continuing native resistance until they were finally defeated during the Second World War by a joint Ethiopian-British alliance. Ethiopia has long been a member of international organizations: it became a member of the League of Nations, signed the Declaration by United Nations in 1942, founded the UN headquarters in Africa, was one of the 51 original members of the UN, and is the headquarters for, and one of the founding members of and the former Organisation of African Unity and the current African Union.

Ethiopia was historically called Abyssinia, a word related to Habesha and the native name for the inhabitants. In some countries, Ethiopia is still called by names cognate with "Abyssinia", eg, Turkish Habesistan, meaning land of the Habesha people. The English name "Ethiopia" is thought to be derived from the Greek word Αἰθιοπία (Aithiopia), from Αἰθίοψ (Aithiops) "an Ethiopian", derived from Greek terms meaning "of burnt (αιθ-) visage (ὄψ)". However, this etymology is disputed, since the Book of Aksum, a Ge'ez chronicle first composed in the 15th century, states that the name is derived from 'Ityopp'is, a son (unmentioned in the Bible) of Cush, son of Ham, who according to legend founded the city of Axum.

The People of Ethiopia

Ethiopia's population is highly diverse, consisting of more than 80 ethnic groups. The largest ethnic groups are the Oromo (34% of the population) and the Amhara (27%). The largest religious affiliations are Christian (63% of the population – comprising 44% Ethiopian Orthodox and 19% other denominations) and Muslim (34%).

Terrain

Much of Ethiopia is a high plateau with central mountain ranges divided by the Great Rift Valley, but there are low-lying lands in the eastern and westernmost parts, with the lowest point being the Danakil Depression, 125 m (410 ft) below sea level. The highest point is Ras Dejen (Ras Dashen) in the Simien National Park|Simien Mountains, 4,620m (15,157 ft) above mean sea level. The geologically active Great Rift Valley is susceptible to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

Ethiopia is landlocked – the entire coastline along the Red Sea was lost with the de jure independence of Eritrea on 24 May 1993. The Blue Nile and the chief head stream of the Nile, rises in Bahir Dar|Lake Tana in north-west Ethiopia. Three major crops are believed to have originated in Ethiopia: Coffee, grain sorghum, and castor bean.

How is the Climate in Ethiopia

The predominant climate type is tropical monsoon, with wide topographic-induced variation. As a highland country, Ethiopia has a climate that is generally considerably cooler than other regions at similar proximity to the Equator. Most of the nation's major cities are located at elevations of around 2000|-|2500|m above sea level, including historic capitals such as Gondar and Axum.

Addis Ababa and the modern capital, is situated in the foothills of Mount Entoto at an elevation of around 2400|m, and experiences a healthy and pleasant climate year-round. With fairly uniform year-round temperatures and the seasons in Addis Ababa are largely defined by rainfall, with a dry season October - Feb, a light rainy season March - May, and a heavy rainy season June - September. The average annual rainfall is around 1200|mm. There are 7 hours of sunshine per day on average, 60% of the daytime hours. The dry season is the sunniest time of year, though even at the height of the rainy season in July and August there are usually several hours of bright sunshine a day.

The average annual temperature in Addis Ababa is 16|°C, with daily highs averaging 20|-|25|°C throughout the year, and overnight lows averaging 5|-|10|°C. A light jacket is recommended for evenings, though many Ethiopians dress conservatively and wear a light jacket even during the day.

Most major cities and tourist sites lie at a similar elevation to Addis Ababa and have comparable climates. In lower lying regions, particularly in the east of the nation and the climate can be significantly hotter and drier. The town of Dallol, in the Danakil Depression in the east, has the world's highest average annual temperature of 34|°C}}.

Time and calendar

Ethiopia uses the Ethiopian calendar, which dates back to the Coptic calendar 25 BC, and never adopted either the Julian or Gregorian calendar reforms. One Ethiopian year consists of twelve months, each lasting thirty days, plus a thirteenth month of five or six days (hence the "Thirteen Months of Sunshine" tourism slogan). The Ethiopian new year begins on 10 or 11 September (in the Gregorian calendar), and has accumulated 7–8 years lag behind the Gregorian calendar: thus, for the first nine months of 2007 and the year was 1999 according to the Ethiopian calendar. On 11 September 2007, Ethiopia celebrated New Year's Day (Enkutatesh) for the Julian year of 2000.

In Ethiopia and the 12-hour clock cycles do not begin at midnight and noon, but instead are offset six hours. Thus, Ethiopians refer to midnight (or noon) as 6 o'clock. Airline timetables are based on the 24-hour clock and use the Gregorian calendar. To avoid confusion, we use the 24-hour format in all our Ethiopian listings.

Travel to Ethiopia

Visa_policy_of_Ethiopia - A map showing the visa requirements of Ethiopia

Visa requirements

Entry stamp Ethiopia - Ethiopian entry stamp

All visitors must obtain an entry visa, except for nationals from Djibouti and Kenya, and foreigners in transit at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport for 12 hours or less to catch an international connecting flight and who do not leave the airport or pass the Immigration Desk. Since 2002, tourists from 33 countries are able to obtain entry visas on arrival at Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa, and at the airport in Dire Dawa.

In April 2013 and the fees for visa-upon-arrival valid for three months were USD20 or €17 (cash only), regardless of whether one was applying for a Tourist, Business or Transit Visa. (as of March 2015 and the price for a one month tourist visa is USD80, or equivalent in a number of currencies thanks to a combined visa and bank system.) The procedure is relatively quick and easy; look for a door with a sign "Visa" on the left hand before the immigration counters. You can get a visa in advance of travel through your local Ethiopian embassy, but the queue at the airport is frequently longer for those who already have visas than it is for those getting the visa at the airport. Thit is because all Ethiopian passport holders need to go through the same queue as those who have already obtained visas in advance, and the majority of arriving passengers are Ethiopian citizens.

It seems to be often imfeasible to obtain a visa at an overseas consulate (e.g. Kampala, Cairo), as there is a policy of not granting visas to non-residents. There seem to be exceptions though. Obtaining a visa at Tel Aviv embassy is very easy: it takes around 15 minutes and costs ₪100 for a 1 month visa and ₪150 for a 3 month visa. You can request a multiple entry visa at the same price if needed. As of July 2012 and the Ethiopian visa in Khartoum was also easy to obtain. A completed form, USD20, and two photos delivered in the morning was enough to get the visa on the same afternoon. These are sometimes for one month and sometimes for two, depending on the mood of the consular officials. Extending a visa in Addis Ababa is a day-long tedious process, so bear it in mind if you are planning to stay for more than 4 weeks. For other countries and the only way to gain a visa might be by flying in, or posting your passport back to your home consulate.

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months from your arrival date and must have at least one blank page.

Starting June 2023, Muslim travellers of any nationality are eligible to get an E-Visa. The application is straightforward and takes only a few minutes to complete, but you need to upload a scanned passport-style photo. Turnaround time might be within hours. You will receive an email welcoming you to Ethiopia. The official website to apply for E-Visa is – do not submit your application to any other similar looking website. E-Visa is only accepted at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. Upon landing at the airport go to an immigration part and you will see a sign for E-Visa. You will need to hand an office printed version of your E-Visa, indicate a place of residence (hotel) and a phone number, which may be foreign.

As of April 2023, you must indicate your intended place of residence and contact number to get a visa. Nothing appears to be checked, so in training any hotel address and phone number should suffice. However, if you're unable to provide some address and phone number and they refuse to process the visa documents.

Buy a Flight ticket to and from Ethiopia

Final_approach_to_Addis_Ababa_International - "Final approach to Addis Ababa International"

Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa is the main hub for Ethiopian Airlines, one of the most successful and reputable airlines in Africa, offering superior service on international Flights to any of the U.S. carrier members of the Star Alliance. The airport also hosts Lufthansa, Sudan Airways, Kenya Airways, British Airways, KLM-Airline, Turkish Airways, Emirates, Gulf Air, Egypt Air and fly Dubai. There are daily Flights from Europe and the United States, Asia, and many African cities including [Accra]], Bamako, Brazzaville, Cairo, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, Djibouti (city) | Djibouti, Khartoum, Harare, Johannesburg, Nairobi. From the U.S. and there are direct Flights from LAX, Newark Liberty, and Washington, D.C.]], stopping over at either Dublin or Lomé. Bole's international terminal, Terminal 2, is said to be the largest in sub-Saharan Africa. Terminal 1 serves domestic and some regional (Djibouti, Nairobi, Khartoum, etc.) destinations.

Other international airports are in Dire Dawa, Mekele and Bahir Dar.

By car

Although more expensive than public transport, thit is a good way to explore Ethiopia. There are few rent-a-car services in Ethiopia outside of Addis Ababa so you may prefer to depend on the services of touring companies that offer cars and 4x4s complete with driver.

Border crossings from neighbouring countries include the border village of Metema to get in from Sudan.

From Kenya the border town is Moyale. The road from Kenya to Ethiopia through the town of Moyale is much better and well maintained. On the Kenyan side of Moyale the road is horrible and is known for banditry so be careful and make sure you have plenty of time, at least 24 hr, to travel from Moyale to Nairobi. However and the road is being rebuilt and paved, with large sections already finished and the remaining sections were expected to be finished around early 2023.

Travel on a Bus in Ethiopia

• Public transport brings you to the border crossing. With the Sudan or Kenya crossings, you just walk to the other side. If you arrive at the border towns late at night, try not to cross the border in the dark. Wait in the town and do your travelling in the morning.
• Buses that cover some distance start in early morning. This implies that if you arrive during the day you would be stuck at least until the next morning.
• From Gedaref (Sudan) catch a bumpy bus or truck (700 Sudan#Money|Sudanese pounds) to the border crossing. The Sudanese side consists of several small villages and a tiny town. In Ethiopia you could find better, but basic, lodging. Buses leaving for Gonder dry up by mid-afternoon so you must either arrive early at the border or spend the night in Metema (around 50 birr).
• From Djibouti you can take a small bus to the border (2-3 hr) where you will find buses to Dire Dawa. This road is a dirt track and the trip takes at least half a day, at nightfall the bus uses to stop and you resume travel the next day. From Ethiopia into Djibouti, a bus leaves supposedly around midnight (buy tickets during the day at the office in the centre of Dire Dawa). This arrives at the Djibouti border in the morning where you change onto a different bus to get to Djibouti City. It is a good idea to take a tuk-tuk to the bus station as hyenas wander the streets of Dire Dawa at night.

Travel by train to Ethiopia

A train service between Addis Ababa and Djibouti City serves passenger trains taking roughly 12 hours for the whole trip. The dilapidated but historical Chemin de Fer train station in downtown Addis Ababa is in the Kazanches neighbourhood near the Sheraton Addis GPS , and may be of interest as a relic of the Ethio-Djibouti Railway that began service in 1890 during the reign of Emperor Menelik II. The new line does not serve the historic station.

How to get around in Ethiopia

Buy a Flight ticket to and from Ethiopia

Ethiopian Airlines is reasonably priced and has fairly comprehensive domestic services. Flights are often overbooked, so it is crucial to reconfirm your tickets at least a day in advance and show up at the airport on time. If you forget to reconfirm and they may assume you aren't going to show up and give away your seats. Flights are frequently cancelled or rescheduled so allow extra time if transferring to an international flight.

Tip: Booking tickets for Ethiopian Airlines on-line works out very expensive when compared with booking at their office in Addis Ababa. For example and the route Addis -> Gondar -> Lalibela -> Addis was quoted on-line for USD850 whereas at their booking office (at the Hilton in Addis) the ticket cost only USD150. Even better: if you have booked your international trip to Ethiopia via Ethiopian Airlines' webpages you will get a 60% discount on domestic flights. Even if you have arrived on an airline other than Ethiopian, you can still get the discounted prices (booked at offices in Ethiopia) by having proof of an international reservation with Ethiopian regardless of whether you have flown the flight or not. So you can get the discount by booking a refundable (eco flex) or affordable flight to a neighbouring country for the future and quoting the ticket number when booking domestic flights. Rumour has it proof of international flights is never checked, but they do ask for it occasionally especially if paying for it at the airport.

Chartered flights (both to serviced airfields and "bush flights") are available from Abyssinia Flight Services, on TeleBole road, just down the street from the airport. Helicopter service is available from National Airways, Abyssinia Flight Services, and certain government-owned companies.

Parking at Bole airport costs 5 birr and is payable in cash only to the parking attendants on arrival.

Travel on a Bus in Ethiopia

Bahir Dar bus stn entrance - Bahir Dar bus station

Ethiopian buses fit into one of the following categories: the ubiquitous shuttle vanes or matatus (typically Toyota Highace vans that room up to 14 people) that operate throughout the region; small to large sized passenger buses called "Higer bus" (named after the manufacturer) that often travel between regions ("1st level" to "3rd level" indicating the class); luxury buses (Korean modern standard buses) going between the main cities, and the large (often double-jointed) red Addis Ababa city buses.

There is a comprehensive network of affordable Higer buses along the major roads, although these are slow and basic. Buses travelling shorter distances generally leave whenever they have filled up with passengers (in training and these means once an hour or so); nearly all long-distance buses leave at dawn (06:00 or twelve on the Ethiopian clock). Buses do not travel at night; they will stop before sundown in a town or village with lodging for the passengers, or, between Dire Dawa and Djibouti, just in the plain countryside. Between some cities (e.g., Adama and Addis Ababa), shuttle vanes will run after the larger buses have stopped for the night. Everyone on the bus must have a seat by law – this prevents overcrowding, but often makes it difficult to catch a bus from an intermediate point on a route. If planning to travel by bus, keep in mind that almost all the vehicles are old and very dusty and many secondary roads are bad. The primary streets are now at very good standard most places. Ethiopians do not like opening the bus windows, so it gets hot and stuffy inside by afternoon. If you like fresh air, sit as close to the driver or one of the doors as feasible, as the driver keeps his window open and the conductor and his assistant often have the door windows open. It can be risky riding the shuttle vanes and Higer, as they are a leading contributor to Ethiopia's position among the most dangerous places in the world to drive. The drivers often do not use mirrors and simply disregard the possibility of oncoming traffic when changing lanes.

The bus stations usually open around 05:00. If you are catching an early morning bus, you should get to the station at 05:00. They are chaotic first thing in the morning, and many buses will sell out of seats before they leave with the dawn about 06:00. To make things easier and less stressful, you can often buy a ticket in advance. In Addis, find the correct window at the bus station the day before you wish to travel and buy your ticket there. (You will need help finding the window unless you can read Amharic, but there are usually people around who will help if you ask.) The ticket will be in Amharic, but there will be a legible bus number written on it somewhere. Simply find that bus the next morning at the bus station. In smaller cities, you can often buy your ticket from the conductor when the bus arrives from its previous trip the afternoon before you travel. Even if you already have a ticket, arrive early and claim a seat as soon as feasible. If you don't have a ticket, you will have to ask people to show you the correct bus (unless you can read Amharic). In this case, don't waste time trying to buy a ticket from the window or from the bus conductor—push your way on board the bus and claim a seat! The conductor will sell you a ticket later. Medium-sized backpacks can usually be squeezed under the seats, but large packs and most luggage will have to go up on the roof. Claim your seat before you worry about your luggage. Luxury buses however have a really professional aproach with both numbered seating and dedicated luggage compartments under the bus. Anyone assisting you with your luggage, including the person passing it up to the conductor's assistant on the roof, will expect a small tip (around 2-3 birr).

On several routes (Addis - Dire Dawa, Bahardar - Addis) you may also find informal traveller cars with no fixed departure; when looking around at a bus station you may be approached by somebody who offers you a faster connection by going with a private car; thit is more expensive than the normal bus but also much faster. You'll be handed a phone number to call for an appointment. These cars may leave before sundown or travel even at night.

By car

A good way to tour Ethiopia is by car. You can take small aircraft to expedite your tour, but you will see more of the scenery if you travel by car. Reasonably priced touring companies include Galaxy Express Services, NTO] , and Dinknesh, as well as Ethiopia Safaris and Journeys Abyssinia with Zawdu . They can take you off the beaten track so you can see the beauty and attractions of Ethiopia.

Nevertheless, hiring a vehicle is quite expensive (starting from 600-900 birr depending on the condition and quality; 600 birr for a affordable vehicle with driver). But if you want a vehicle for at least 8 people it costs 1,000-3,000 birr per day. Prices will vary at this time due to inflationary pressures in the nation. Drivers pass on their costs for spare parts and need to increase the price if fuel rises. A driver guide's credentials should be checked such as tourism license, insurance, engine (external and internal). Before accepting a contract, it is also a good idea to quiz the driver-guide about tourism routes. When driving to the "deep south" of Ethiopia also check the licence plates, because the authorities in the south check in and log "3" plate tourism cars, take the names of the passengers and passport number. They need a letter from the tour company to show the agent is bona fide on some routes and parks. Petrol costs 21 birr a litre. Make sure to check the pump is zeroed before re-fuelling starts.

There are several highways in Ethiopia, some of these are in good condition:

Road 1: Addis Ababa-Asmara via Dessie and Mekelle

Road 3: Addis Ababa-Axum via Bahir Dar and Gonder

Road 4: Addis Ababa-Djibouti via Nazret (Adama), Awash and Dire Dawa

Road 5: Addis Ababa-Gambela via Alem Zena and Nekemte

Road 6: Addis Ababa-Jimma via Giyon

Road 48: Nekemte-Gambela National Park via Gambela

TAH 4 to the north: Cairo via Khartoum and Bahir Dar

TAH 4 to the south: Cape Town via Gaborone, Lusaka, Dodoma, Nairobi and Awasa

TAH 6 to the east: Djibouti via Dessie

TAH 6 to the West: Ndjamena via Darfur

Travel by bicycle in Ethiopia

Road conditions vary considerably around Ethiopia; some roads are smoothly sealed while others consist mostly of large stones. Accommodation is affordable and available in almost every village (although these "hotels" usually double as bars and brothels). Food and drink are also easily available. You will attract considerable attention (it is not uncommon for whole schools to empty out as the children run after you). Be prepared to have stones and sticks thrown at you, especially in the south.

Travel by train to Ethiopia

The long unused railway system has been reinvigorated with a line from the capital to the port of Djibouti City. While this line is primarily intended for freight transport, it also enables both domestic and international passenger transport.

Local Language in Ethiopia

Camera Sign, Ethiopia (10412007416) - Camera fees in Bahir Dar in Amharic and English

See also: Amharic phrasebook

Amharic phrasebook|Amharic is the first official language of Ethiopia. The language is a Semitic language related to Hebrew and Arabic, and if you know either one you'll recognize some cognates. In all parts of the nation everyone speaks Amharic to some extent, no matter what their first language may be. The language is written in the Ge'ez script.

In the north, especially in Tigray, Tigrinya phrasebook|Tigrinya is the primary language, also written in Ge'ez. However, Amharic is widely understood. In the middle highlands regions Oromifa phrasebook|Oromifa, or Afaan Oromo is widely spoken. Oromifa uses a Latin alphabet. In the Ogaden region, located mostly in Somali regional state (near the border with Somalia and Somaliland), Somali phrasebook|Somali is common, and is written in a Latin alphabet; Arabic is also common, with a Yemeni influence. Towards the border with Djibouti, French becomes slightly more common.

What to see in Ethiopia

• Huge obelisks in Axum
• Historic routes, churches and masjids Lalibela, Axum, Gondar, Harar
• Volcanic lake Danakil Depression and Erta Ale
• Rift Valley lakes Wonchi crater lake, Langano, Tana
• National Parks such as Menengesha
• Rock-hewn churches in Lalibela
• Castles in Gondar

Halal Tours and Excursions in Ethiopia

• Northern historic circuit. A loop from Addis Ababa to Bahir Dar on Lake Tana, to Gondar and then Axum, and Lalibela, and back to Addis. Other stops can be included, such as Simien National Park, Adwa and nearby Yeha, Hawzien and Mekele. The circuit can also be done in the opposite direction. Destinations can be visited affordably by domestic airlines but you may want to consider taking the bus journey from Addis to Bahir Dar to experience the awe-inspiring and switch-backing descent from the highlands deep down into the gorge of the Blue Nile and back up again and for the abundant wildlife you'll see on this stretch of the road. A new paved road is in place and has, in synergy with the Luxury bus companies, turned this gruelling bus trip into a quite a decent trip (March 2023).

Top Muslim Travel Tips for Ethiopia

• Tribal region safari in the Lower Omo Valley
• Trekking in Dodolla, Bale Siemien Mountains National Park
• Bird watching in Rift Valley lakes
• See the gelada ("baboons") at Debre Sina near Addis Ababa
• White water rafting in the Omo River
• Attend a traditional coffee ceremony.
• Visit an azmari bet (azmari bar) to listen to azmari musicians and singers.

For where to go to see Ethiopia's wildlife, all images taken by Wikimedia Commons user Charlesjsharp have precise gelocation information c:User:Charlesjsharp|

The images can be found in galleries of mammals c:Category:Mammals_of_Ethiopia| and birds c:Category:Birds_of_Ethiopia| etc.

Muslim Friendly Shopping in Ethiopia

Money Matters & ATM's in Ethiopia

Local currency is the Ethiopian birr, denoted by the symbol "Br" or "ብር " (ISO currency code: ETB). eHalal.io Travel Guides will use birr to denote the currency.

It is one of the more stable African currencies. There are 100 santim to the birr and coins of 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 santim circulate, together with a one birr coin. Banknotes come in values of 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 birr.

You're not supposed to import nor export more than 100 birr. Usually hotel and vehicle rental bills must be paid in cash.

There are ATMs in all bigger cities. Dashen Bank & Awash Bank are your best option for finding an ATM that takes both Visa and Master cards. Don't expect foreign Cirrus or Plus cards to work. The ATMs are not always reliable, so have a back-up plan for cash when away from Addis Ababa.

• Master card works at all the Dashen bank and Awash bank ATMs.

Opportunities to use credit cards (UnionPay cards) are increasing in Addis Ababa, but remain rare elsewhere.

Changing cash

Any commercial bank in Ethiopia can exchange cash. The rates are the same everywhere and are set by the central bank daily. There are hundreds of commercial bank branches in Addis, including in the Sheraton and Hilton hotels, and in the junction of the baggage claim hall at the airport. Most cities and towns that tourists visit will have at least one commercial bank, except for villages in the Omo valley. Many hotels will convert US dollars to birr at the front desk. Because of forgeries in circulation, banks might not accept US dollar notes printed before 2002, or torn or very worn notes. It is illegal to change money on the black market and the rates aren't much better than what you get from the banks. It is crucially imfeasible to exchange the birr outside of Ethiopia due to currency controls, and it is illegal to remove more than 200 birr from the nation without permission.

US dollars, euros or pounds sterling are the best currencies to carry, in that order. You may find it best to keep most of your cash in your home currency and take out what you need daily. Additionally, since ATM machines dispense money in birr, it may be easier to simply withdraw money from the ATM as needed. Prices are extremely low in Ethiopia and a US dollar will go a long way.

Banks no longer accept travellers cheques.

US dollar

In cities like Addis Ababa and to a much lesser extent Dire Dawa and the U.S. dollar is mostly accepted. In some shops in Addis Ababa the prices will be written in birr and USD. Some ATMs in Addis Ababa give out both US dollars and birr. Most hotels in Addis Ababa accept US dollars. All airports in Ethiopia accept US dollars.

You cannot obtain US dollars in Ethiopia through legal means unless you have a flight ticket to leave the nation. This means that if you need dollars (e.g. to get a Djibouti visa) and don't have a flight ticket to leave Ethiopia you will need to either change money on the black market or ensure that you have enough US dollars on you.

What is the living cost in Ethiopia

Ethiopia is relatively affordable for tourists, compared to other African countries.

To stay at a 5-star hotel in Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Nazret, Bahir Dar, Gondar and Awasa costs on average 1,500 birr per day. On the other hand, budget double room around the nation is 200-400 birr per day.

Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa and Adama/Nazret have the most expensive prices in the nation. For example a 32-inch (81-cm) LCD TV costs around 15,000 birr. Food is also expensive if you buy it in those city's centres.

You need about 400 birr per day for hotel, fuel, food, lodging and transport. In Addis Ababa and Dire Dawa you can need 600 birr per day.

Tipping

In Ethiopia tipping is common in hotels, restaurants. One is also expected to tip parking lot attendants whether hired by institutions or self-assigned. In some Halal restaurants it is customary to tip any dancers, and thit is usually done by sticking the paper money bill on the forehead of the dancer.

Halal Restaurants in Ethiopia

Injera is ubiquitous in Ethiopia. It is a spongy, tangy-tasting bread made from the grain teff, which grows in the highlands of Ethiopia. It looks and feels akin to a crepe or pancake. It's eaten with wot (or wat), traditional stews made with spices and Meat or legumes. Popular wats are doro (chicken) wat, yebeg (lamb) wat and asa (fish) wat.

The injera sits directly on a large round plate or tray and is covered with wat placed symmetrically around a central item. The various wats are eaten with other pieces of injera, which are served on a side plate. Injera is eaten with the right hand - rip a large piece of injera from the side plate and use it to scoop up one of the flavours of wat on the main platter. Eating with the left hand is considered disrespectful, as it is the hand traditionally used for personal hygiene and is thus considered unclean. Another popular injera dish is firfir: fried, shredded injera. It can be served with or without Meat or with all sorts of veggies.

If you prefer Vegetarian food, try the shiro wat, which is an oily bean stew served with injera. Shiro is common on Ethiopian "fasting days", in which devout Ethiopians eat an crucially Vegetarian diet.

One of Ethiopia's most famous dishes is tibbs or tibs, spicy beef or lamb fried in butter (nitre kibbeh). Tibs comes in several styles, most commonly "chikina tibs", fried in a Sauce with berbere spice, onions, bell peppers, and tomato; and zil-zil tibs, a more deep fried breaded version served with tangy sauces. Equally as famous is kitfo, minced Meat spiced with chilli. You can obtain it raw (the locally preferred way, but there's a risk of getting parasites), leb-leb (lightly cooked) or fully cooked. It comes with a local Cheese, ayeb, and spinach. In the Harar region, you can find kitfo derivatives including camel Meat. Many restaurants that serve kitfo include it in their name (e.g. Sami Kitfo, Mesob Kitfo) but typically serve a wider selection than just raw Meat.

For the pickier visitor, almost every place in Ethiopia also serves spaghetti (thanks to the short lived Italian occupation) - but not as Italians would know it. Italian restaurants are common, as are so-called "American style Pizzas and burger" places that have little in common with American Pizzas and burgers. There is continued demand for more American style dining in Ethiopia, not only from expats but from Ethiopians as well. You will find westerners or western-raised Ethiopians everywhere in the capital and they all are very helpful.

Common spices include berbere, Ethiopia's national spice which includes fenugreek; mittmitta, another piquant spice; and rosemary, which is used with almost all Meat in the nation. Most local meats are of poor quality and are stringy and tough even when cooked perfectly. Luxury hotels and restaurants will often import Meat from Kenya which is of much higher quality.

Caffe macchiato - Ethiopian macchiato and the nation's famous coffee drink

Ethiopia is the historical origin of the coffee bean, and its coffee is among the best in the world. Coffee is traditionally served in a formal ceremony that involves drinking a minimum of three cups of coffee and eating popcorn. It is a special honour or mark of respect to be invited into somebody's home for the ceremony. Ethiopians tend to drink their coffee either freshly brewed and black, very strong, with the grounds still inside; or as a macchiato, Ethiopia's popular form of Coffee.

In preparation for the ceremony the coffee beans are roasted in a flat pan over charcoal. The beans are then ground using pestle and mortar. The coffee is brewed with water in a clay coffee pot and is considered ready when it starts to boil. Coffee in Ethiopia is served black with sugar; some ethnic groups may add butter or salt to the coffee but will generally not do so with foreigners. Beware, after drinking coffee in Ethiopia, you will find yourself always disappointed with the quality of coffee when you return home. In Ethiopia the coffee is so fresh as it is usually roasted the same day as it is consumed. You will dream about coffee for weeks after leaving Ethiopia.

eHalal Group Launches Halal Guide to Ethiopia

Ethiopia - eHalal Travel Group, a leading provider of innovative Halal travel solutions for Muslim travelers to Ethiopia, is thrilled to announce the official launch of its comprehensive Halal and Muslim-Friendly Travel Guide for Ethiopia. This groundbreaking initiative aims to cater to the diverse needs of Muslim travelers, offering them a seamless and enriching travel experience in Ethiopia and its surrounding regions.

With the steady growth of Muslim tourism worldwide, eHalal Travel Group recognizes the importance of providing Muslim travelers with accessible, accurate, and up-to-date information to support their travel aspirations to Ethiopia. The Halal and Muslim-Friendly Travel Guide is designed to be a one-stop resource, offering an array of invaluable information on various travel aspects, all carefully curated to align with Islamic principles and values.

The Travel Guide encompasses a wide range of features that will undoubtedly enhance the travel experience for Muslim visitors to Ethiopia. Key components include:

Halal-Friendly Accommodations in Ethiopia: A carefully selected list of hotels, lodges, and vacation rentals that cater to halal requirements, ensuring a comfortable and welcoming stay for Muslim travelers in Ethiopia.

Halal Food, Restaurants and Dining in Ethiopia: A comprehensive directory of restaurants, eateries, and food outlets offering halal-certified or halal-friendly options in Ethiopia, allowing Muslim travelers to savor local cuisines without compromising their dietary preferences in Ethiopia.

Prayer Facilities: Information on masjids, prayer rooms, and suitable locations for daily prayers in Ethiopia, ensuring ease and convenience for Muslim visitors in fulfilling their religious obligations.

Local Attractions: An engaging compilation of Muslim-friendly attractions, cultural sites such as Museums, and points of interest in Ethiopia, enabling travelers to explore the city's rich heritage while adhering to their values.

Transport and Logistics: Practical guidance on transportation options that accommodate Muslim travel needs, ensuring seamless movement within Ethiopia and beyond.

Speaking about the launch, Irwan Shah, Chief Technology Officer of eHalal Travel Group in Ethiopia, stated, "We are thrilled to introduce our Halal and Muslim-Friendly Travel Guide in Ethiopia, a Muslim friendly destination known for its cultural richness and historical significance. Our goal is to empower Muslim travelers with accurate information and resources, enabling them to experience the wonders of Ethiopia without any concerns about their faith-based requirements. This initiative reaffirms our commitment to creating inclusive and memorable travel experiences for all our clients."

The eHalal Travel Group's Halal and Muslim-Friendly Travel Guide for Ethiopia is now accessible on this page. The guide will be regularly updated to ensure that Muslim travelers have access to the latest information, thus reinforcing its status as a reliable companion for Muslim travelers exploring Ethiopia.

About eHalal Travel Group:

eHalal Travel Group Ethiopia is a prominent name in the global Muslim travel industry, dedicated to providing innovative and all-inclusive travel solutions tailored to the needs of Muslim travelers worldwide. With a commitment to excellence and inclusivity, eHalal Travel Group aims to foster a seamless travel experience for its clients while respecting their religious and cultural values.

For Halal business inquiries in Ethiopia, please contact:

eHalal Travel Group Ethiopia Media: info@ehalal.io

Buy Muslim Friendly condos, Houses and Villas in Ethiopia

eHalal Group Ethiopia is a prominent real estate company specializing in providing Muslim-friendly properties in Ethiopia. Our mission is to cater to the specific needs and preferences of the Muslim community by offering a wide range of halal-certified residential and commercial properties, including houses, condos, and factories. With our commitment to excellence, client satisfaction, and adherence to Islamic principles, eHalal Group has established itself as a trusted name in the real estate industry in Ethiopia.

At eHalal Group, we understand the importance of meeting the unique requirements of Muslim individuals and families seeking properties that align with their cultural and religious trainings. Our extensive portfolio of Muslim-friendly properties in Ethiopia ensures that clients have access to a diverse selection of options tailored to their needs. Whether it's a luxurious villa, a modern condominium, or a fully equipped factory, our team is dedicated to assisting clients in finding their ideal property.

For those seeking a comfortable and modern living space, our condos are an excellent choice. Starting at US$ 350,000 and these condominium units offer contemporary designs, state-of-the-art facilities, and convenient locations within Ethiopia. Each condo is thoughtfully designed to incorporate halal-friendly features and amenities, ensuring a seamless integration of Islamic values into everyday living.

If you are looking for a more spacious option, our houses are perfect for you. Starting at US$ 650,000, our houses provide ample living space, privacy, and a range of customizable features to meet your specific requirements. These houses are located in well-established neighborhoods in Ethiopia, offering a harmonious balance between modern living and Islamic values.

For those seeking luxury and exclusivity, our luxury villas in Ethiopia are the epitome of sophistication and elegance. Starting at US$ 1.5 million and these villas offer a lavish lifestyle with private amenities, breathtaking views, and meticulous attention to detail. Each luxury villa is meticulously designed to provide a serene and halal environment, allowing you to enjoy the finest living experience while adhering to your Islamic principles. For further details please email us at info@ehalal.io

Muslim Friendly hotels in Ethiopia

There is a wide range of lodging in Ethiopia. Staying in tourist areas generally results in a broader range of choices, but watch out for tourist prices. It is acceptable to bargain with the hotel owner, for they usually tend to charge you "faranji" (foreigner) prices at first, which are often twenty times the local rate. You won't be able to bargain down to local prices (close to nothing) but you can bargain down a lot. Thit is not true at the government run "Ghion" chain, and the fancier private chains as well, where prices for Foreign Muslims are fixed. (Bekale Mola, for example).

Guest houses are common in Ethiopia. These vary from large homes with a number of bedrooms to small hotels and crucially operate as a "Bed and Breakfast". Some have shared baths, other have private baths. The best ones have generators available to deal with power outages as well as internet service and satellite TV. The good ones tend to be clean and they treat you like family. They are much cheaper than the brand name hotels and you will get more exposure to the local culture. If you tip well you will be treated like royalty.

In the north, in every city (Axum, Lalibela, Bahir Dar, Gondar) one can find hotels, from overpriced ones such as the government-run Ghion chain hotels to cheaper ones. Smaller places on the major roads offer affordable places if you do not mind the most basic rooms. A tourist town like Debark that serves for trekking the Simien Mountains also offers a range of rooms, with the most popular being the Simien Park Hotel (25/30 birr), where you could also pitch a tent for 20. It meets the normal standards for food, electricity, water, cleanliness and hygiene.

In the south, all the cities (Shashemane, Wondo Genet, Awasa, Arba Minch, Jinka...) have decent, affordable hotels. The most basic rooms start from 15 birr for a single and 20 birr for a double. Many of them don't have hot water and electricity all hours of the day, so you should schedule time for a shower in advance. There are also three fairly expensive resort hotels on the shore of Lake Langano. In the smaller villages in and around the Omo valley (Weyto, Turmi, Key Afar, Dimeka, Konso, etc.) there are usually few (very basic) or no hotels, but if you are travelling through the valley to see the tribes and there is always a campground or a restaurant that offers beds. If you camp out at one of these villages, you should hire a guard to watch over your stuff overnight.

How to work legally in Ethiopia

Ibex on the way to Ras Bwahit - panoramio - Ibex next to a road

In the big cities, especially Addis Ababa:

• There is a high demand for IT professionals.
• Many start-up companies search for individuals with computer networking and consulting backgrounds.
• Addis Ababa has the most NGOs in Africa, and possibly among all third world countries. They are reputed for providing generous salaries to their employees.
• Compared with other African cities, Addis Ababa has a high number of big, medium and small sized computer training schools, and governmental and private learning institutions. Many students who attend hope to obtain an IT or consulting job, in the very scarce job market of the city.

Many visitors bring donations to Ethiopia. Although most anything is appreciated and there are things difficult to get in Ethiopia that make great donations. Soy formula for orphanages is a great example as lactose-intolerant babies need this to thrive and it is hard to find in-country. High quality soccer footballs (what would be considered affordable footballs at USD 17-15 in GCC countries) are hard to find as well. Deflate a football and you can get over 30 in a large bag. You will be seen as a hero when you give them away at orphanages and schools.

Stay safe as a Muslim in Ethiopia

• Ethiopia is a relatively low-crime country compared to Kenya, Mexico and South Africa.

• Organized crime and gang violence are very unusual in most parts of the nation. However, in the border areas of Sudan (Gambella Region) and Kenya and there are reports indicating occurrences of banditry. Avoid these areas.
• Though Ethiopia has a secular government and the people are very religious. The two dominant religions (the Ethiopian Orthodox Church and Islam) strongly influence day-to-day life. Due to their influence the government implements certain rules. homosexuality is illegal and is not tolerated.
• Compared to other African countries, robbery is not a major problem in the cities and towns. However, travellers are advised to look after their belongings. Travellers should be cautious at all times when travelling on roads in Ethiopia. There have been reports of highway robbery, including car-jacking, by armed bandits outside urban areas. Some incidents have been accompanied by violence. Travellers are cautioned to limit road travel outside major towns or cities to daylight hours and travel in convoys, if feasible.
• Most federal police and some private security guards carry Kalashnikov AK-47 assault rifles. Thit is common, and should not be cause for alarm -- it is simply cheaper for them to purchase and repair these weapons than more "traditional" police tools like pistols and pepper spray. The federal police are generally well trained and very effective in their jobs, and can be distinguished by their blue camouflage uniforms. City police wear a solid blue shirt, and are less reliable. Traffic police wear a blue uniform with white hat and sleeves, and are generally the least reliable of the city police.

Medical Issues in Ethiopia

Gelada Baboons, Debre Libanos, Ethiopia,2002 - panoramio - Gelada baboons

Don't drink the tap water. It's full of parasites, and hotels generally recommend guests not to drink it, nor to eat salads and uncooked foodstuffs that are usually washed in tap water. This applies to ice as well – unless it is distilled, or you are at a reputable Western hotel like the Sheraton, Radisson Blu, or Hilton. Bottled water for drinking is available almost everywhere in small, medium and big bottles – popular brands are Yes (flat water) and Ambo (sparkling water). Make sure you drink enough, especially when the weather is hot.

Consult a doctor before going to Ethiopia about what vaccinations against infectious diseases you should consider. The risk of malaria is low to non-existent in the capital and the highlands, but high in the lake regions and lowlands. Doxycycline for malaria prevention is affordable in Addis.

If you get sick, go to one of the big private hospitals, e.g., Korean, Hayat, Street Gabriels.

A large part of Ethiopia is at a high elevation. In those areas, people unaccustomed to breathing in thinner air may have a hard time moving around at first. It is advised to allow yourself a few days to acclimatize to the air. See altitude sickness.

Local Customs in Ethiopia

Ramadan 2025 in Ethiopia

Ramadan concludes with the festival of Eid al-Fitr, which may last several days, usually three in most countries.

The next Ramadan shall be from Friday, 28 February 2025 to Saturday, 29 March 2025

The next Eid al-Adha shall be on Friday, 6 June 2025

The next day of Raʾs al-Sana shall be on Thursday, 26 June 2025

The next day for Mawlid al-Nabī shall be on Monday, 16 September 2024

The Ethiopians' relationship with the mUSLIMS is generally free of racial animosity. Ethiopians can be short-fused if they feel they are not treated as equals.

It is a sign of respect for men to avoid eye contact with women. If you are a foreign man, maintaining a formal distance from women will be seen as good manners. If you meet a woman who is with a man, ask the man's permission before talking to her. Likewise, if you're a foreign woman in public with a man, don't be upset if Ethiopian men address all questions to him. They will do this not to slight you but to show respect. This will be the case on public transport and in restaurants.

Telecommunications in Ethiopia

Telephone

The country code for calling Ethiopia is 251. The city code for Addis Ababa 011 (or 11 from outside Ethiopia).

Mobile

Ethiopia's connectivity is among the worst in the world. The mobile telecom network uses GSM (as in Europe/Africa), operated by Ethio Telecom (ETC) and has limited 4G (1x EV-DO service) and 4G (CDMA) service. There is good voice coverage into small cities. Per March 2015 this seems to have improved drasticly and now both calls and roaming works great (at least around urban areas).

For all travellers, having a mobile phone is a must. It is affordable and easily available. Satellite phones and VSAT devices are heavily restricted or illegal without hefty fees and licenses.

There are only a few stores renting SIM cards. However, purchasing a SIM is affordable, and can be done anywhere that sells phones. The best spot is to buy it at a Ethio Telecom shop to not get ripped off. On March 2015 a SIM card cost 15 birr. The system requires the seller to take a photo of you and your passport information to activate your SIM. You'll have to sign an agreement that you will not commit any crimes with your phone. All local stores will have calling cards you can purchase to call internationally. For domestic calls, phones are topped up with a prepaid card, available in denominations of 2000, 500, 100, 50 and 25 birr and smaller.

In general calls, SMS' and roaming is quite cheap.

Internet Cafe's in Ethiopia

Less than 1 million people in the nation have access to internet, and internet service is extremely limited. There are numerous internet cafes in Addis Ababa, Dire Dawa, Nazret, Bahir Dar, Gonder, Awasa and other cities; however their speeds are often dial-up at best, and some operate illegally. In Addis Ababa, connection speeds are more than adequate for performing tasks such as checking e-mail most of the time. A typical internet cafe will have a dozen computers using one "broadband" (actually 4G mobile internet speeds from 128 kbit/s) connection. ADSL is available, but expensive, and reserved for enterprise clients most of the time. At the Addis Sheraton and the internet connection rivals that of most Western hotels, but costs USD70 for a 24-hour connection. Ethiopia's international connection is unstable: On bad days, even a broadband connection will only deliver dial-up speed, because the whole country's traffic is running via an undersized backup satellite connection. The government has announced plans to roll out 4G LTE service.

To use the Internet costs 0.25-0.35 birr/min in the bigger cities but outside the cities it usually costs more than 1 birr/min. Watch out for computer viruses: most computers or flash disks in use are infected.

Outside of bigger towns, it is harder to find a working Internet connection and the charge per minutes is often much higher than in bigger towns.

Mail

Ethiopia has one of the most efficient postal services in Africa. Many attribute this success to the extensive network of Ethiopian Airlines. However, mail does not get delivered to your address. You are required to buy a post office box. Once you get a post office box and the flow of your mail will be consistent.

Newspapers

English language papers include Capital and The Reporter each costing 5 birr.

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